Population responses to isolated syllables. Eight representative syllables are illustrated, organized by the associated behavioral context: neutral syllable (black label), appeasement syllables (blue labels), and aggression syllables (red labels). Colored plots of population activity represent each high-background neuron in a single row. Each 10-ms response bin is colored based on excitation, inhibition, or no significant difference compared with the 200-ms prestimulus background window. Order of neurons is identical across all plots. Population responses are summarized below by calculating the proportion of neurons showing excitatory discharge at each 10-ms bin. Peak responsiveness is similar across the majority of syllables, regardless of associated behavioral context. Black bars represent stimulus timing and duration.