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. 2015 Dec 16;96(1):365–408. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2015

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Figure 3. — Effects of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in the intestine. An important function of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ is the stimulation of transcellular intestinal calcium transport by increasing the expression of the apical membrane calcium channel TRPV6 and calcium binding protein calbindin-D_9k. The extrusion of calcium is across the basolateral membrane by PMCA1b. This process is especially enhanced when dietary calcium intake is low. Mouse genetic studies however suggest that other calcium transporters (X) are likely involved. When calcium intake is high, the paracellular calcium transport prevails, but studies suggest that this pathway may also be regulated by 1,25(OH)₂D₃.