Table 1. Demographic and Psychiatric Characteristics of the Human Study Sample.
| HIV−/METH−(n=36) | HIV−/METH+ (n=25) | HIV+/METH−(n=31) | HIV+/METH+ (n=29) | F/χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 34.9 (12.4) | 38.4 (9.8) | 39.2 (11.4) | 40.4 (8.0) | 1.62 | 0.188 |
| Education (years) | 13.7 (2.1) | 12.0 (1.7)* | 14.0 (2.0) | 13.3 (2.4) | 4.52 | 0.005 |
| WRAT reading score | 103.2 (11.9) | 99.1 (10.47) | 101.4 (10.1) | 104.8 (11.6) | 1.33 | 0.268 |
| Global deficit score | 0.24 (0.24) | 0.36 (0.32) | 0.46 (0.62) | 0.46 (0.42) | 2.11 | 0.102 |
| Ethnicity (% Caucasian) | 61.1% | 56.0% | 54.8% | 75.9% | 4.74 | 0.192 |
| Methamphetamine use characteristics | ||||||
| Age of first use (years)a | — | 23.0 (8.4) | — | 24.1 (7.3) | 0.28 | 0.596 |
| Duration of use (years)a | — | 6.6 (5.8) | — | 6.2 (6.9) | 0.04 | 0.843 |
| Last use (years)a | — | 0.3 (0.4) | — | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.62 | 0.434 |
| Total quantity (kg)a | — | 3.5 (4.7) | — | 2.2 (5.1) | 0.94 | 0.336 |
| Psychiatric characteristics | ||||||
| Major depressionb | 11.1%* | 40.0% | 51.6% | 62.1% | 19.82 | <0.001 |
| BDI-II | 2.7 (3.8)* | 19.2 (12.4)# | 11.0 (11.2) | 13.9 (13.6) | 13.14 | <0.001 |
| BAI total score | 22.2 (1.9)* | 29.8 (8.2) | 27.7 (7.9) | 28.9 (9.0) | 7.52 | <0.001 |
| Substance dependenceb,c | 8.3% | 60.0%#,^ | 16.1% | 34.5%^ | 22.74 | <0.001 |
| POMS total | 32.4 (29.7)* | 85.0 (40.7)* | 55.7 (37.8) | 68.5 (51.6) | 9.35 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; METH, methamphetamine; POMS, Profile of Mood States; WRAT, Wide Range Achievement Test, 3rd Edition-reading portion.
*P<0.05, compared with all other groups; #P<0.05, compared with HIV+/METH− ^P<0.05, compared with HIV−/METH.
The data are expressed as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
a
Statistical comparisons were made between METH+ groups (see Supplementary Methods).
b
Denotes lifetime diagnosis
c
Excluding methamphetamine dependence