Table 2. Over-the-counter NSAID use and cancer mortality by amount and frequency of use in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial during 1996–2012.
| NSAID | n of death/men | Overall cancer deatha | Lung cancer death | Colorectal cancer death | Pancreatic cancer death | |||
| HR(95%CI)b | HR(95%CI)b | HR(95%CI)b | HR(95%CI)b | |||||
| Over-the-counter usec | ||||||||
| no | 925/28 | ref | 98 | ref | 4 | ref | 2 | ref |
| yes(NSAID) | 1.00(0.81–1.24) | 0.96(0.64–1.44) | 3.19(1.25–8.12) | 0.83(0.45–1.51) | ||||
| yes (ibuprofen) | 10,876/407 | 1.43(0.94–2.10) | 111 | 1.45(0.70–2.86) | 43 | 1.02(0.37–2.86) | 47 | 2.47(0.60–10.21) |
| Frequency | ||||||||
| Days per month | ||||||||
| -no use | 1,381/45 | ref | 11 | ref | 6 | ref | 6 | ref |
| -2 tabl or less | 1,466/42 | 1.01(0.66–1.53) | 14 | 1.45(0.66–3.20) | 4 | 0.69(0.19–2.45) | 5 | 0.97(0.30–3.20) |
| -over 2 tabl | 1,127/36 | 1.07(0.69–1.66) | 10 | 1.30(0.53–3.06) | 4 | 0.87(0.25–3.10) | 6 | 1.41(0.45–4.39) |
| Amount | ||||||||
| Tablets per day | ||||||||
| -no use | 1,098/36 | ref | 10 | ref | 6 | ref | 4 | ref |
| -1 and under | 2,390/83 | 1.20(0.81–1.78) | 22 | 1.21(0.57–2.60) | 11 | 0.91(0.34–2.48) | 8 | 1.13(0.34–3.75) |
| -over one | 2,054/66 | 1.14(0.76–1.72) | 21 | 1.39(0.65–2.96) | 7 | 0.69(0.23–2.07) | 11 | 1.87(0.59–5.88) |
| Aspirin | n of men/death | Overall cancer deatha | n of deaths | Lung cancer death | n of deaths | Colorectal cancer death | n of deaths | Pancreatic cancer death |
| HR(95%CI)b | HR(95%CI)b | HR(95%CI)b | HR(95%CI)b | |||||
| Over-the-counter usec | ||||||||
| no | 840/22 | ref | 6 | ref | 3 | ref | 1 | ref |
| yes | 10,961/413 | 1.60(1.04–2.45) | 113 | 1.61(0.71–3.65) | 44 | 1.28(0.40–4.12) | 48 | 4.01(0.53–29.06) |
| Frequency | ||||||||
| Days per month | ||||||||
| -no use | 1,151/38 | ref | 9 | ref | 7 | ref | 4 | ref |
| -non daily use | 1,554/48 | 1.02(0.67–1.56) | 11 | 1.04(0.43–2.52) | 6 | 0.67(0.22–1.99) | 11 | 2.41(0.77–7.58) |
| -daily use | 1,930/77 | 1.24(0.83–1.84) | 19 | 1.27(0.57–2.83) | 7 | 0.62(0.21–1.82) | 6 | 0.85(0.24–3.05) |
| Amount | ||||||||
| Tablets per day | ||||||||
| -no use | 996/30 | ref | 8 | ref | 6 | ref | 3 | ref |
| -1 and under | 3,565/129 | 1.27(0.85–1.90) | 32 | 1.20(0.55–2.61) | 13 | 0.64(0-24-1.71) | 14 | 1.39(0.40–4.88) |
| -over 1 | 1,122/41 | 1.40(0.88–2.25) | 11 | 1.50(0.60–3.74) | 6 | 0.97(0.31–3.04) | 7 | 2.65(0.68–10.27) |
a Overall Cancer death (lung, pancreatic, colorectal, kidney, bladder, non-hodgkin lymphoma, central nervous system cancer)
b Hazard ratio for cancer death by NSAID prescription use adjusted for age, randomization group, use of cholesterol-lowering medication, antihypertensive medication, antidiabetic medication
c Self-reported, prescription-free use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among the participants of the third screening round of the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial