Table 5. Results of Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA comparing the Main Effects of Duration (time) and mode of hypoxia across the three hypoxia groups.
Mode of hypoxia | Time | Interaction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P value | F | P value | F | P Value | |
SpO2 | 6.55 | 0.004ac | 2.4 | 0.10 | 1.2 | 0.34 |
Heart Rate | 2.32 | 0.12 | 75.47 | <0.001abc | 2.18 | 0.08 |
Mitral E velocity | 0.17 | 0.84 | 11.97 | <0.001ac | 1.2 | 0.32 |
Mitral A velocity | 1.20 | 0.33 | 5.9 | 0.005ac | 0.35 | 0.85 |
Mitral E/A ratio | 1.93 | 0.16 | 10.79 | <0.0001 | 0.43 | 0.79 |
Septal S’ velocity | 2.38 | 0.11 | 0.99 | 0.38 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
Septal E’ velocity | 0.20 | 0.82 | 3.37 | 0.04b | 0.77 | 0.55 |
Septal A’ velocity | 0.29 | 0.75 | 12.32 | <0.001ab | 0.36 | 0.83 |
Septal ICV | 1.0 | 0.40 | 2.70 | 0.08 | 1.0 | 0.42 |
Lateral S’ velocity | 1.40 | 0.27 | 10.28 | <0.001ab | 3.99 | 0.006 |
Lateral E’ velocity | 2.20 | 0.13 | 7.56 | 0.001 ab | 1.12 | 0.36 |
Lateral A’ velocity | 0.40 | 0.68 | 6.97 | 0.002ab | 0.58 | 0.68 |
Lateral ICV | 0.12 | 0.89 | 6.99 | 0.002a | 2.14 | 0.09 |
LV Tei Index | 2.32 | 0.12 | 6.48 | 0.003a | 1.54 | 0.10 |
LV stroke volume | 0.39 | 0.68 | 10.37 | 0.004 ab | 0.93 | 0.45 |
Cardiac output | 0.23 | 0.80 | 13.8 | <0.001ab | 2.52 | 0.06 |
RVSP | 0.70 | 0.51 | 1.47 | 0.24 | 0.88 | 0.48 |
Pulmonary vascular resistance | 2.10 | 0.14 | 5.85 | 0.005 ab | 0.27 | 0.76 |
Tricuspid E velocity | 0.55 | 0.58 | 5.15 | 0.009a | 0.88 | 0.48 |
Tricuspid A velocity | 3.90 | 0.03a | 1.9 | 0.16 | 0.58 | 0.68 |
TAPSE | 1.21 | 0.31 | 1.1 | 0.31 | 2.4 | 0.06 |
Tricuspid S’ velocity | 2.60 | 0.09 | 1.3 | 0.30 | 3.12 | 0.02 |
Tricuspid E’ velocity | 0.66 | 0.53 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.98 |
Tricuspid A’ velocity | 8.20 | 0.002a | 22.3 | <0.001 ab | 1.59 | 0.19 |
Tricuspid ICV | 3.40 | 0.048 a | 6.7 | 0.002a | 0.78 | 0.54 |
Right ventricular Tei Index | 5.0 | 0.01c | 16.10 | <0.001ab | 4.10 | 0.006 |
TAPSE, trans annular plane systolic excursion; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; ICV isovolumic contractile velocity; Results of post hoc tests–time: a baseline versus 15 minutes post exercise, b baseline versus 2h post exercise, c 15 minutes versus 2 hours post exercise, altitude: a GHA vs NH, b GHA vs HH, c NH vs HH