Table 1.
Baseline patient and surgical characteristics of LNU and LRN cases in NSQIP from 2006–2012
| Variable | Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy n (%) | Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL | 745 (15.2) | 4159 (84.8) | |
|
| |||
| Patient characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean age (SD) | 68.7 (SD 14.1) | 61.1 (SD 14.3) | |
| <65 | 233 (31.3) | 2343 (56.3) | <0.01 |
| 65–70 | 97 (13.0) | 579 (13.9) | |
| 70–75 | 132 (17.7) | 493 (11.9) | |
| >75 | 283 (38.0) | 744 (17.9) | |
| Race | |||
| White | 599 (90.9) | 3135 (86.6) | <0.01 |
| Other | 60 (9.1) | 485 (13.4) | |
| Missing: 625 (12.7) | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 291 (39.1) | 1747 (42.1) | 0.13 |
| Male | 453 (60.9) | 2404 (57.9) | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||
| Mean BMI (SD) | 28.4 (SD 6.2) | 30.0 (SD 6.8) | |
| <25 | 219 (29.6) | 939 (22.8) | <0.01 |
| 25–<30 | 282 (38.1) | 1434 (34.8) | |
| 30–<35 | 154 (20.8) | 932 (22.6) | |
| ≥35 | 86 (11.5) | 822 (19.9) | |
| ASA score | |||
| 1–2 | 243 (32.7) | 1590 (38.3) | <0.01 |
| 3–5 | 501 (67.3) | 2566 (61.7) | |
| Bleeding disorder | 24 (3.2) | 119 (2.9) | 0.59 |
| Preoperative weight loss (>10% over six months) | 12 (1.6) | 99 (2.4) | 0.19 |
| Preoperative sepsis | 5 (0.7) | 46 (1.1) | 0.28 |
| Preoperative pneumonia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 1.00 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Preoperative ascites | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 0.56 |
| Chronic steroid use | 16 (2.1) | 225 (5.4) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 152 (20.4) | 819 (19.7) | 0.65 |
| Dialysis preoperatively | 27 (3.6) | 274 (6.6) | <0.01 |
| Acute renal failure | 1 (0.1) | 18 (0.4) | 0.34 |
| Disseminated cancer | 18 (2.4) | 169 (4.1) | 0.03 |
| Chemotherapy (≤30 days before surgery) | |||
| Yes | 7 (1.8) | 18 (0.8) | 0.09 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Radiotherapy (≤90 days preoperatively) | |||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 9 (0.4) | 0.37 |
| Missing | 357 (47.9) | 1959 (47.1) | |
| Dyspnea | 83 (11.1) | 393 (9.4) | 0.15 |
| Alcohol use (>2 drinks/day) | |||
| Yes | 12 (3.1) | 73 (3.3) | 0.81 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Current smoker | 180 (24.2) | 807 (19.4) | <0.01 |
| Smoking history | |||
| ≤50 pack years | 292 (89.0) | 1712 (93.5) | <0.01 |
| >50 pack years | 36 (11.0) | 119 (6.5) | |
| Missing | 417 (56.0) | 2328 (56.0) | |
| Functional status | |||
| Independent | 727 (98.0) | 4053 (97.7) | 0.60 |
| Dependent | 15 (2.0) | 97 (2.3) | |
| Hemiplegia | 4 (1.0) | 18 (0.8) | 0.56 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident/stroke with neurological deficit | 7 (1.8) | 51 (2.3) | 0.52 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident/stroke with no neurological deficit | 14 (3.6) | 55 (2.5) | 0.21 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (severe) | 54 (7.2) | 231 (5.6) | 0.07 |
| Transient ischemic attacks | 12 (3.1) | 71 (3.2) | 0.88 |
| Missing | 353 (47.4) | 1942 (46.7) | |
| Congestive heart failure (≤30 days preoperatively) | 3 (0.4) | 34 (0.8) | 0.23 |
| Preoperative albumin concentration (g/dl) | |||
| >4.1 | 156 (37.3) | 952 (39.8) | |
| 3.8–4.1 | 90 (21.5) | 565 (23.6) | 0.09 |
| 3.5–3.7 | 93 (22.3) | 411 (17.2) | |
| <3.5 | 79 (18.9) | 467 (19.5) | |
| Missing | 327 (43.9) | 1764 (42.4) | |
| Preoperative creatinine level (mg/dl) | |||
| ≤1.3 | 522 (73.3) | 3120 (78.43) | |
| >1.3–<2 | 143 (20.1) | 503 (12.6) | <0.01 |
| ≥2 | 47 (6.6) | 355 (8.9) | |
| Missing | 33 (4.4) | 181 (4.3) | |
| Emergency case | 5 (0.7) | 20 (0.5) | 0.57 |
| >4 units PRBC transfusion (≤72 hours preoperatively) | 13 (1.7) | 33 (0.8) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Surgical characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| Operative time | |||
| ≤6 hours | 623 (89.9) | 3476 (96.8) | <0.01 |
| >6 hours | 70 (10.1) | 116 (3.2) | |
| Missing | 52 (7) | 567 (13.6) | |
*
Missing data not shown for variables with <1% missing data. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LRN: laparoscopic radical nephrectomy; LNU: laparoscopic nephroureterectomy; NSQIP: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; PRBC: packed red blood cells; SD: standard deviation.