Table 2.
Bivariate Associations of Independent Variables with HbA1c.
| Variable | r | t or F |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Demographics | ||
|
| ||
| Age | −.04 | |
| Gender | .05 | |
| Race (Caucasian vs. others) | −3.79*** | |
| Household Income (≥$80,000 vs. <$80,000) | 3.16*** | |
| Family structure (single vs. others) | 2.06* | |
|
| ||
| Disease Characteristics | ||
|
| ||
| Duration of diabetes | .16 | |
| Insulin regimen | 5.97*** | |
| Adolescent-reported Adherence (C-SCI) | −.19* | |
| Parent-reported Adherence (P-SCI) | −.13 | |
|
| ||
| Adolescent-level variables | ||
|
| ||
| Depressive symptoms (CDI) | −.06 | |
| Cognitive development score (PPVT) | −.24** | |
| Impulse control | .05 | |
| Consideration of others | .03 | |
|
| ||
| Family-level variables | ||
|
| ||
| Coercive parenting style | .12 | |
| Family communication | −.14 | |
| Adolescent responsibility for T1D management (DFRQ; adolescent report) | −.18* | |
| Adolescent responsibility for T1D management (DFRQ; parent report) | −.20** | |
| Parent expression of opinion during T1D discussion (DMIS; adolescent report) | .22** | |
| Parent expression of opinion during T1D discussion (DMIS; parent report) | .30*** | |
Note: Coefficients using the above variables are based on Spearman’s rho correlations, t-test, or ANOVA.
*
p< .10,
**
p <0.05,
***
p <0.01.