Table 2.
TMD diagnoses (prevalence), TMD pain presence (S-TMD pain), duration (months and prevalence for different durations), frequency (prevalence) and intensity (0–10; current and worst as well as average during the last 6 months), headache and oral parafunctions in 456 children/adolescents from a general population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Figures show frequencies (%) unless other is stated
| TMD | Non-TMD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Myofascial Pain | Arthralgia | OA | DDWR | |||
| n = 124 | Ia. n = 71 | Ib. n = 14 | n = 22 | n = 12 | n = 32 | n = 332 | |
| Diagnoses | |||||||
| Age-group 10–13 | 46.8 | 50.7 | 42.9 | 45.4 | 66.7 | 31.2 | 53.3 |
| Age-group 14–18 | 53.2 | 49.3 | 57.1 | 54.6 | 33.3 | 68.8 | 46.7 |
| TMD pain | |||||||
| Presence | 71.8 | 93.0 | 100 | 59.1 | 25.0 | 46.9 | 17.5 |
| Duration (mean (SD)) | 14.5 (12.6) | 15.1 (12.9) | 18.1 (13) | 13.4 (11.2) | 10.0 (7.2) | 12.5 (13.4) | 12.0 (12.5) |
| ≤1 month | 7.4 | 10.3 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | 25.5 |
| 2–6 months | 27.2 | 19.0 | 21.4 | 31.8 | 33.3 | 53.1 | 27.5 |
| >6 months | 65.4 | 70.7 | 78.6 | 59.1 | 66.7 | 46.9 | 47.0 |
| Frequency | |||||||
| Recurrent | 86.1 | 88.8 | 85.7 | 61.5 | 100 | 85.7 | 82.5 |
| Persistent | 8.1 | 5.6 | 14.3 | 23.1 | 0 | 14.3 | 0 |
| One time | 5.8 | 5.6 | 0 | 15.4 | 0 | 0 | 17.5 |
| Intensity (median (IQR)) | |||||||
| Current | 2.0 (5.0) | 1.0 (5.0) | 3.0 (6.0) | 5.0 (4.0) | 3.0 (9.0) | 2.0 (5.0) | 0 (5.0) |
| Worst | 7.0 (3.0) | 7.0 (3.5) | 8.0 (1.0) | 8.0 (2.0) | 8.0 (4.0) | 7.0 (4.0) | 5.0 (6.0) |
| Average | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.0) | 7.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.0) | 8.0 (4.0) | 5.0 (4.0) | 3.0 (5.0) |
| Headache | 39.8 | 53.5 | 50.0 | 19.0 | 16.7 | 35.5 | 8.2 |
| Oral parafunctions | |||||||
| Clenching (daytime) | 16.1 | 22.5 | 21.4 | 9.1 | 0 | 3.1 | 9.0 |
| Grinding (nighttime) | 3. | 1.4 | 7.14 | 13.6 | 0 | 12.5 | 2.4 |
| Other a | 49.2 | 50.7 | 64.3 | 54.6 | 33.3 | 46.9 | 44.0 |
Ia. Myofascial pain, Ib. Myofascial pain with limited opening, DDWR Disc displacement with reduction
S-TMD-pain Positive answer on any of the 2 validated questions; 1) “Do you have pain in the temple, face, temporomandibular joint, or jaws once a week or more?” 2) “Do you have pain when you open your mouth wide or chew once a week or more?” [2, 16]
SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range (the 75th percentile minus the 25th percentile)
a Other = Mouth breathing, thumb sucking, nail biting, or tongue thrusting
The bold figures denote significant differences to the Non-TMD group (Chi-two test, p < 0.05)