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. 2016 Apr 22;7:158. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00158

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Copyright © 2016 Clement, Galy, Bruneval, Morvan, Hyafil, Benali, Pasi, Deschamps, Pellenc, Papo, Nicoletti and Sacre.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distinct features of granulomas and TLOs. Granulomas were made of clusters of CD14⁺ cells and of CD15⁺ cells (A,B) where very few B cells (inset 1) could be detected. Granulomas were also characterized by an intense angiogenesis [CD31⁺ vessels (C) and inset 2]. These adventitial neovessels were PNAd⁻ (C). Few podoplanin + lymphatic vessels were also associated with blood vessels [(C) and inset 2]. At variance, CD31⁺ blood vessels with endothelial cells displaying a high endothelial venule phenotype and expressing PNAd [(E) and inset 4] were systematically observed within the B cell clusters [(D) and inset 3] that are composed of TLOs. A rich network of CD31⁺ Podoplanin⁺ lymphatics was detected around TLOs [(E) and inset 5].