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. 2016 Apr 22;7:106. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00106

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Copyright © 2016 Li, Hong, Liu, Zhou, Cui, Yuan, Chu and Yu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Long-term HRSS treatment prevented delayed injury after renal I/R injury. In the STT group, delayed renal injury, such as renal edema, epithelial cell loss and increased red blood cells in the renal tubule, occurred once the treatment stopped and were suppressed by long-term HRSS treatment. Histological changes observed after renal I/R injury included tubular cell necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuole formation, hemorrhage and tubular dilatation. Injury scores are expressed as mean ± SD. Semi-quantitative injury scores ranged from 0 to 5 (0: normal kidney; 1: 0–10% injury; 2: 11–25% injury; 3: 26–45% injury; 4: 46–75% injury; 5: 76–100% injury).