Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants by Midlife PA Level (excluding those with dementia or history of clinical depression)
| Total (n = 4,140) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inactive (n = 2,848) | Active (n = 1,292) | p Value | p Value* | |||
| Follow-up time, mean (SD), y | 26.1 | (3.7) | 25.1 | (4.3) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1,643 | (58.7) | 716 | (55.4) | .171 | .164 |
| Elementary education, n (%) | 725 | (25.5) | 193 | (14.9) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| ApoE e4, n (%) | 756/2,790 | (27.1) | 317/1,264 | (25.1) | .388 | .159 |
| Midlife examination | ||||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 3.7 | (25.3) | 25.2 | (3.2) | .473 | .516 |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.1 | (6,3) | 6.3 | (1.1) | .469 | .678 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 132.6 | (17.0) | 131.6 | (16.4) | .078 | .141 |
| Midlife never smoked, n (%) | 1,106 | (38.8) | 415 | (32.1) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Current examination | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 76.3 | (5.4) | 76.1 | (5.3) | .113 | |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 27.2 | (4.5) | 27 | (4.3) | .288 | .200 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 143.0 | (20.5) | 141.8 | (19.7) | .091 | .136 |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.6 | (1.2) | 5.58 | (1.2) | .238 | .232 |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 26.9 | (2.4) | 27.3 | (2.0) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 348 | (12.2) | 140 | (10.8) | .201 | .195 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2,340 | (82.2) | 1,014 | (78.5) | .014 | .035 |
| Coronary event, n (%) | 436 | (15.3) | 194 | (15.0) | .808 | .834 |
| Self-reported stroke, n (%) | 163 | (5.7) | 77 | (6.0) | .908 | .898 |
| Never smoked, n (%) | 1,180 | (41.4) | 596 | (46.1) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Cognitive function | ||||||
| Speed of processing, mean (SD) | 0.039 | (0.73) | 0.285 | (0.71) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Memory, mean (SD) | 0.057 | (0.85) | 0.230 | (0.90) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Executive function, mean (SD) | 0.032 | (0.64) | 0.173 | (0.65) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Note: *Age adjusted.