Transmission electron microscopy results (magnification, ×18,000). Images show (A) swollen alveolar type II cells in Group S after 3 h hypoxia, (B) lamellar bodies in Group C, (C) decreased lamellar bodies in Group S and (D) lamellar bodies in Group ES. Group C, control group; Group H, hypoxia group; Group S, sevoflurane group; Group ES, combined evoflurane-epidural anesthesia group.