Table 2.
Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Covariance Comparisons of Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and Post-Traumatic Checklist-Civilian version Symptom Endorsement Scores across Blast Exposure Groups
| Group | 0 blasts(n=68) | 1 blast(n=123) | 2 blasts(n=178) | 3 blasts(n=106) | 4–10 blasts(n=98) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | F (df) | p | |
| ANOVA | |||||||
| NSI total | 29.3 (17.9) | 24.1 (16.6) | 27.6 (17.2) | 32.9 (17.7) | 35.0 (17.8) | 7.02 (4,568) | <0.001 |
| Somatic | 5.5 (4.8) | 4.2 (4.2) | 5.4 (4.4) | 6.6 (4.8) | 7.4 (4.9) | 7.81 (4,568) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive | 8.3 (5.0) | 6.5 (5.0) | 7.3 (5.2) | 9.0 (5.3) | 9.6 (5.2) | 6.58 (4,568) | <0.001 |
| Affective | 6.1 (4.7) | 5.1 (4.4) | 5.6 (4.4) | 6. 8 (4.6) | 6.5 (4.5) | 2.59 (4,568) | 0.036 |
| Sensory | 9.5 (5.5) | 8.2 (5.0) | 9.2 (5.5) | 10.5 (5.5) | 11.5 (5.4) | 6.24 (4,568) | <0.001 |
| PCL-C total | 42.9 (18.2) | 39.9 (17.1) | 41.5 (16.5) | 45.8 (17.5) | 46.5 (17.5) | 3.08 (4,568) | 0.016 |
| Re-experience | 11.7 (5.9) | 11.3 (5.3) | 12.4 (5.6) | 13.5 (5.6) | 13.6 (6.1) | 3.38 (4,568) | 0.009 |
| Avoidance | 16.6 (7.9) | 14.9 (7.3) | 14.8 (6.8) | 16.4 (7.6) | 16.8 (7.6) | 2.14 (4,568) | 0.074 |
| Hyperarousal | 14.6 (5.7) | 13.7 (5.6) | 14.3 (5.6) | 15.9 (5.4) | 16.1 (5.5) | 3.97 (4,568) | 0.003 |
| ANCOVA (demographics) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | ||
| NSI total | 28.3 (18.7) | 23.5 (16.0) | 26.9 (17.0) | 33.1 (17.9) | 37.0 (17.5) | 10.45 (4,537) | <0.001 |
| Somatic | 5.3 (4.9) | 4.1 (4.0) | 5.3 (4.3) | 6.7 (4.9) | 7.8 (4.9) | 10.54 (4,537) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive | 7.9 (5.2) | 6.3 (4.9) | 7.2 (5.2) | 9.1 (5.3) | 10.1 (5.1) | 9.72 (4,537) | <0.001 |
| Affective | 5.7 (4.8) | 4.9 (4.2) | 5.4 (4.3) | 6.9 (4.6) | 7.0 (4.5) | 4.73 (4,537) | 0.001 |
| Sensory | 9.4 (5.5) | 8.1 (4.9) | 9.0 (5.5) | 10.4 (5.5) | 12.1 (5.4) | 8.52 (4,537) | <0.001 |
| ANCOVA (demographics and PCL-C) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | Marginal Mean (SD) | ||
| NSI total | 29.2 (18.7) | 26.7 (16.0) | 28.4 (17.0) | 30.4 (17.9) | 32.5 (17.5) | 4.71 (4,536) | 0.001 |
| Somatic | 5.5 (4.9) | 4.7 (4.0) | 5.6 (4.3) | 6.1 (4.9) | 6.9 (4.9) | 4.99 (4,536) | 0.001 |
| Cognitive | 8.1 (5.2) | 7.2 (4.9) | 7.6 (5.2) | 8.4 (5.3) | 8.9 (5.1) | 3.98 (4,536) | 0.003 |
| Affective | 5.9 (4.9) | 5.8 (4.2) | 5.8 (4.3) | 6.2 (4.6) | 5.8 (4.5) | 0.52 (4,536) | 0.724 |
| Sensory | 9.6 (5.5) | 9.0 (4.9) | 9.4 (5.5) | 9.7 (5.5) | 10.9 (5.4) | 3.22 (4,536) | 0.013 |
ANOVA, analysis of variance; NSI, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; PCL-C, Post-traumatic Stress Checklist, Civilian version; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance. Items in parentheses were included as covariates in the analyses.
Demographic variables used as covariates were as follows: time since injury, number of deployments, duration of loss of consciousness, and age.