Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n=2,397)
| N (%) or mean ± SD | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 63.5±11.9 |
| Sex, male | 1,692 (70.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.5±2.9 |
| Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 | 689 (28.7) |
| Smoking historya | |
| Nonsmoker | 747 (31.2) |
| Current or ex-smoker | 1,621 (67.6) |
| Pack-years | 23.9±23.3 |
| Previous pulmonary tuberculosis | 323 (13.5) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 847 (35.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 331 (13.8) |
| Depression | 296 (12.3) |
| Bronchial asthma | 261 (10.9) |
| Coronary heart diseaseb | 96 (4.0) |
| Atopic dermatitis | 69 (2.9) |
| Stroke | 66 (2.8) |
| Physical activity | |
| Days of moderate active physical activity per week | 2.3±2.1 |
| Days of high active physical activity per week | 1.8±1.7 |
| Baseline pulmonary function test | |
| FVC, L | 3.6±0.9 |
| FVC, % predicted | 90.9±13.6 |
| FEV1, L | 2.3±0.6 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 78.6±13.7 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.6±0.07 |
| COPD severity | |
| FEV1% predicted ≥80% | 1,075 (44.8) |
| 65%≤ FEV1% predicted <80% | 924 (38.6) |
| 50%≤ FEV1% predicted <65% | 398 (16.6) |
| EQ-5D index values | 0.9±0.1 |
| EQ-5D index values ≥0.9 | 1,611 (67.2) |
| Use of inhalers | 141 (5.9) |
| LAMA | 82 (3.4) |
| LABA | 0 (0) |
| ICS/LABA | 98 (4.1) |
Notes: The data are presented as number (%) or mean and SD.
a
Data of 29 patients are missed.
b
Coronary heart disease includes myocardial infarction and angina pectoris.
Abbreviations: EQ-5D, The EuroQoL five dimensions questionnaire; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SD, standard deviation.