Table 1. Demographic and Health-Related Characteristics of Women with Any Cognitive Impairment (Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Probable Dementia Combined) According to Driving Status (N = 385).

Characteristic	Current Drivers, n = 200	Former Drivers, n = 185	P-Value
Age, mean ± standard deviation	83.1 ± 3.1	84.3 ± 3.9	<.001
Race, n (%)
Caucasian	172 (86.0)	170 (91.9)
African American	17 (8.5)	13 (7.0)
Other	11 (5.5)	2 (1.1)	.07
Education, n (%)
>High school	138 (69.0)	131 (70.8)
≤High school	56 (31.0)	54 (29.2)	.70
Annual family income, $, n (%)
<20,000	45 (25.6)	45 (25.6)
20,000–49,999	106 (57.6)	99 (56.3)
≥50,000	33 (17.9)	32 (18.2)	.96
Hormone therapy use, n (%)	97 (48.5%)	93 (50.3%)	.69
Hypertension, n (%)	145 (72.5)	137 (74.1)	.73
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	78 (39.6)	73 (40.6)	.85
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	37 (18.5)	35 (18.9)	.92
Coronary artery disease, n (%)	37 (18.5)	38 (20.5)	.61
History of stroke, n (%)	8 (4.0)	15 (8.1)	.09
Parkinson’s disease, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.6)	.48
Visual impairment, n (%)	156 (78.0)	148 (81.3)	.42
Arthritis, n (%)	153 (76.5)	149 (81.0)	.28
Geriatric Depression Scale score, median (IQR)	1 (0.5–3)	3 (1–5)	.004
Type of cognitive impairment
MCI	120 (60.0)	58 (31.4)
Probable dementia	80 (40.0)	127 (68.6)	<.001
Cognitive test score, median (IQR)
Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status	27 (25–29)	25 (22–28)	<.001
East Boston Memory Test
Immediate recall	8 (7–9)	8 (6–9)	.75
Long delay	7 (3–8)	5 (0–8)	.002
Trail-Making Test, seconds
Part A	11 (9–12)	11 (9–14)	.01
Part B	80.5 (44.5–300)	93 (46–300)	.16
Animal Fluency	12 (10–15)	11 (8–14)	.006
Digit Span forward	6 (5–8)	7 (6–8)	.02
Digit Span backward	5 (4–6)	5 (3–6)	.70
Proxy report of trouble driving, n (%)	50 (25.0)	181 (97.8)	<.001

IQR = interquartile range.

P-values based on t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables; chi-square test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.