Table 1.

Results of General Linear Mixed Effects Model (GLMM) analysis of peak buzz frequency (Hz) and amplitude (dB). Parameters were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The p-values denote significant differences between floral sonication and flight buzzes; they were calculated using likelihood ratio tests based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Slope represents the change in frequency or amplitude of the buzzes in consecutive trials in which bees gain experience at manipulating buzz-pollinated flowers. Numbers in brackets represent standard errors associated with the model parameters

	Intercept	P-value	Slope	P-value
Frequency
Floral sonication	380.32 (2.59)	<0.0001	−3.23 (0.25)	<0.0001
Flight	199.79 (2.08)		−0.41 (0.35)
Amplitude
Floral sonication	−53.47 (0.66)	<0.0001	−0.26 (0.08)	0.3441
Flight	−34.76 (0.64)		−0.15 (0.11)