Table 1:

Comparison of characteristics of pressure ulcer risk assessment tools

	Norton scale	Waterlow scale	Modified Braden scale	Cubbin & Jackson scale
Created year	1962 1)	1985 2)	1987 (by Braden et al.) 3)	1991 6)
			1991 (by Choi & Song) 4)
			1998 (by Pang & Wong) 5)
Specialty	Older people/generic	Orthopaedic/generic	Generic	Intensive care
Risk factors to assess pressure sore	Physical condition Mental status Activity Mobility * Continence *	Sex Age Build Appetite Nurses’ visual assessment of skin condition Mobility * Continence * Factors contributing to tissue malnutrition Neurologic deficits Major surgery or trauma Medication	Sensory perception Moisture * Activity Mobility * Nutrition status Friction/shear by Choi & Song Temperature Use of medication by Pang & Wong Skin type Body build	Age Weight Skin condition Mental status Mobility * Nutrition Respiration Continence * Hygiene Hemodynamic status

Notes.

¹⁾Norton, McLaren & Exton-Smith (1962);

²⁾Waterlow (1985);

³⁾Bergstrom, Braden, Laguzza, & Holman (1987);

⁴⁾Choi & Song (1991)

⁵⁾Pang & Wong (1998);

⁶⁾Cubbin & Jackson (1991);

^*Common risk factors to assess pressure sore