TABLE 3.
Adjusted serum reproductive hormone concentrations according to quartile of high- or low-to-moderate-pesticide-residue FV intake in 189 men1
| Quartile range, servings/d | n | LH, IU/L | FSH, IU/L | E2, pmol/L | Testosterone, nmol/L | Free testosterone, nmol/L | Inhibin B, pg/mL |
| High-pesticide FV intake (PRBS of 4, 5, or 6) | |||||||
| Q1 (0.00–0.99) | 47 | 3.8 (3.3, 4.2) | 2.4 (2.1, 2.9) | 79.3 (72.5, 86.8) | 18.1 (16.1, 20.3) | 0.44 (0.39, 0.49) | 200.9 (180.8, 223.3) |
| Q2 (1.00–1.74) | 47 | 3.8 (3.4, 4.3) | 2.4 (2.0, 2.7) | 90.1 (83.0, 97.9)* | 19.1 (17.2, 21.2) | 0.46 (0.41, 0.50) | 181.5 (164.9, 199.8) |
| Q3 (1.75–2.69) | 48 | 3.7 (3.3, 4.1) | 2.5 (2.2, 2.9) | 88.6 (82.1, 95.6) | 19.1 (17.3, 21.0) | 0.45 (0.41, 0.49) | 184.2 (168.4, 201.4) |
| Q4 (2.70–12.7) | 47 | 3.5 (3.0, 4.1) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.4) | 93.8 (84.9, 104)* | 20.8 (18.3, 23.7) | 0.52 (0.46, 0.57) | 174.9 (155.7, 196.6) |
| P-trend | 0.52 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.46 | 0.08 | 0.21 | |
| Low-to-moderate-pesticide FV intake (PRBS of 0, 1, 2, or 3) | |||||||
| Q1 (0.00–1.09) | 47 | 3.8 (3.3, 4.3) | 2.5 (2.1, 2.9) | 88.2 (80.6, 96.5) | 20.1 (17.9, 22.6) | 0.49 (0.44, 0.54) | 187.1 (168.2, 208.0) |
| Q2 (1.10–1.89) | 47 | 3.5 (3.1, 3.9) | 2.4 (2.0, 2.7) | 81.1 (74.9, 87.7) | 18.2 (16.5, 20.2) | 0.44 (0.40, 0.49) | 191.5 (174.6, 210.1) |
| Q3 (1.90–2.79) | 48 | 4.0 (3.7, 4.4) | 2.8 (2.5, 3.2) | 95.6 (88.7, 103) | 20.6 (18.7, 22.7) | 0.48 (0.43, 0.52) | 172.1 (157.5, 188.2) |
| Q4 (2.80–13.0) | 47 | 3.5 (2.9, 4.0) | 2.5 (2.1, 3.0) | 86.7 (78.2, 96.2) | 18.0 (15.8, 20.6) | 0.46 (0.40, 0.52) | 190.8 (168.9, 215.5) |
| P-trend | 0.58 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.46 | 0.72 | 0.96 |
1
Values are means (95% CIs) unless otherwise indicated. Serum hormone concentrations were adjusted for total energy intake, abstinence time, age, BMI, race, television viewing hours, moderate-vigorous physical activity, Prudent and Western dietary patterns, smoking status, hour of blood sampling, and seasonality. *P < 0.05 compared with men in the lowest quartile of intake. E2, estradiol; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; FV, fruit and vegetable; LH, luteinizing hormone; PRBS, Pesticide Residue Burden Score; Q, quartile.