TABLE 4.
Adjusted serum SHBG and reproductive hormone ratios according to quartile of high- or low-to-moderate-pesticide-residue FV intake in 189 men1
| Quartile range, servings/d | n | SHBG, nmol/L | Testosterone:LH | FT:LH | E2:testosterone | Inhibin B:FSH |
| High-pesticide FV intake (PRBS of 4, 5, or 6) | ||||||
| Q1 (0.00–0.99) | 47 | 28.6 (25.1, 32.5) | 5.4 (4.7, 6.3) | 124.7 (107.8, 144.2) | 4.4 (4.0, 4.8) | 82.1 (64.8, 104) |
| Q2 (1.00–1.74) | 47 | 28.1 (25.0, 31.6) | 5.4 (4.7, 6.1) | 124.6 (109.2, 142.3) | 4.7 (4.3, 5.1) | 77.1 (62.1, 95.7) |
| Q3 (1.75–2.69) | 48 | 29.9 (26.9, 33.4) | 5.6 (5.0, 6.4) | 128.3 (113.4, 145.1) | 4.7 (4.3, 5.0) | 72.3 (59.1, 88.4) |
| Q4 (2.70–12.7) | 47 | 26.2 (22.7, 30.2) | 6.2 (5.2, 7.3) | 152.5 (129.8, 179.1) | 4.5 (4.1, 5.0) | 61.7 (47.5, 80.2) |
| P-trend | 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.16 | |
| Low-to-moderate-pesticide FV intake (PRBS of 0, 1, 2, or 3) | ||||||
| Q1 (0.00–1.09) | 47 | 28.4 (25.0, 32.3) | 5.9 (5.0, 6.8) | 137.6 (118.8, 159.3) | 4.4 (4.0, 4.8) | 75.6 (59.6, 95.9) |
| Q2 (1.10–1.89) | 47 | 26.9 (24.1, 30.1) | 5.6 (5.0, 6.4) | 133.3 (117.3, 151.6) | 4.4 (4.1, 4.8) | 81.3 (66.1, 100) |
| Q3 (1.90–2.79) | 48 | 31.5 (28.3, 35.1) | 5.5 (4.9, 6.2) | 123.9 (109.5, 140.2) | 4.6 (4.3, 5.0) | 61.1 (50.0, 74.6) |
| Q4 (2.80–13.0) | 47 | 26.1 (22.6, 30.3) | 5.5 (4.7, 6.6) | 133.8 (113.1, 158.3) | 4.8 (4.3, 5.3) | 75.4 (57.4, 99.1) |
| P-trend | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.25 | 0.83 |
Values are means (95% CIs) unless otherwise indicated. Serum hormone concentrations were adjusted for total energy intake, abstinence time, age, BMI, race, television viewing hours, moderate-vigorous physical activity, Prudent and Western dietary patterns, smoking status, hour of blood sampling, and seasonality. E2:testosterone, ratio of estradiol (pmol/L) to testosterone (nmol/L); FT:LH, ratio of calculated free testosterone (pmol/L) to luteinizing hormone (IU/L); FV, fruit and vegetable; inhibin B:FSH, ratio of inhibin B (pg/mL) to follicle-stimulating hormone (IU); PRBS, Pesticide Residue Burden Score; Q, quartile; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin; testosterone:LH, ratio of testosterone (nmol/L) to luteinizing hormone (IU/L).