TABLE 2.
Choline, betaine, and DMG by creatine treatment group in FACT participants1
| Placebo (n = 101) | Creatine (n = 100) | Creatine vs. Placebo, P2 | FA400 (n = 152) | Creatine+FA400 (n = 103) | Creatine+FA400 vs. FA400, P2 | |
| Choline | ||||||
| Baseline, μmol/L | 11.3 (10.8, 11.8) | 11.7 (11.2, 12.2) | 0.29 | 11.5 (11.1, 11.9) | 11.4 (10.9, 11.9) | 0.84 |
| Week 12, μmol/L | 10.6 (10.1, 11.1) | 11.4 (10.9, 11.9) | 0.03 | 11.8 (11.3, 12.2) | 11.5 (11.0, 12.0) | 0.46 |
| Change, % | −6.6 (−10.2, −2.9) | −2.6 (−7.0, 2.0) | 0.17 | 2.5 (−0.9, 6.1) | 0.9 (−3.2, 5.2) | 0.55 |
| Betaine | ||||||
| Baseline, μmol/L | 42.6 (39.3, 46.2) | 43.9 (40.9, 47.2) | 0.57 | 43.0 (40.8, 45.4) | 42.3 (39.1, 45.8) | 0.73 |
| Week 12, μmol/L | 41.1 (38.1, 44.3) | 45.3 (42.2, 48.8) | 0.06 | 49.1 (46.5, 51.8) | 45.9 (42.1, 50.1) | 0.20 |
| Change, % | −3.5 (−9.3, 2.6) | 3.2 (−3.4, 10.3) | 0.14 | 14.1 (9.4, 19.0) | 8.5 (2.0, 15.4) | 0.19 |
| DMG | ||||||
| Baseline, μmol/L | 5.8 (5.2, 6.5) | 6.0 (5.5, 6.5) | 0.64 | 6.1 (5.6, 6.7) | 6.6 (6.0, 7.2) | 0.27 |
| Week 12, μmol/L | 5.1 (4.6, 5.7) | 5.7 (5.2, 6.3) | 0.12 | 4.5 (4.2, 4.8) | 4.9 (4.5, 5.3) | 0.11 |
| Change, % | −12.3 (−18.1, −6.2) | −5.1 (−12.5, 3.0) | 0.14 | −26.7 (−30.9, −22.2) | −25.6 (−31.3, −19.6) | 0.79 |
1
Values are geometric means (95% CIs) or percentage changes (95% CIs) in the geometric mean from baseline to week 12: % change = (geometric mean ratio − 1) × 100%. DMG, dimethylglycine; FA400, 400-μg folic acid group; FACT, Folic Acid and Creatine Trial.
2
Two-sided P values were derived by using a 2-sample t test.