TABLE 4.
Prevalence of serum total 25(OH)D concentrations at various cutoff values stratified by race-ethnicity and grouped by season, age, or sex for persons aged ≥1 y: NHANES 2007–20101
| Cutoff value and group | Total2 | Hispanic3 | Non-Hispanic black | Non-Hispanic white |
| Less than 30 nmol/L | ||||
| All | 5.9 (4.9, 7.1) | 6.4 (5.1, 8.2) | 24 (19, 29) | 2.3 (1.7, 2.9) |
| Winter months4 | 9.9 (8.3, 12) | 7.5 (5.6, 10) | 30 (24, 36) | 3.8 (2.7, 5.4) |
| Summer months5 | 3.3 (2.8, 3.9) | 4.4 (3.2, 6.1) | 17 (12, 23) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.2) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 1–11 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6)6 | 3.2 (2.2, 4.7) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.3)7 |
| 12–19 | 5.9 (4.4, 7.7) | 6.7 (4.2, 10) | 25 (19, 32) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9)6 |
| 20–39 | 8.2 (6.6, 10) | 9.7 (7.3, 13) | 32 (26, 40) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) |
| 40–59 | 5.9 (4.7, 7.6) | 6.3 (4.4, 8.9) | 26 (19, 34) | 2.5 (1.8, 3.6) |
| ≥60 | 5.7 (4.6, 7.1) | 5.6 (4.1, 7.6) | 22 (17, 28) | 3.9 (2.8, 5.5) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 4.9 (3.9, 6.2) | 4.6 (3.4, 6.1) | 21 (16, 27) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.4) |
| Female | 6.9 (5.7, 8.2) | 8.4 (6.5, 11) | 26 (21, 31) | 2.8 (2.2, 3.6) |
| Less than 40 nmol/L | ||||
| All | 13 (11, 15) | 18 (15, 22) | 43 (38, 49) | 5.8 (4.9, 7.0) |
| Winter months4 | 20 (18, 23) | 21 (18, 25) | 49 (44, 55) | 9.3 (7.1, 12) |
| Summer months5 | 8.6 (7.5, 9.8) | 13 (9.5, 18) | 36 (29, 43) | 4.4 (3.7, 5.3) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 1–11 | 3.0 (2.2, 4.1) | 3.2 (2.2, 4.6) | 12 (8.2, 16) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.6)7 |
| 12–19 | 14 (11, 17) | 20 (15, 27) | 47 (39, 56) | 2.8 (1.6, 4.7) |
| 20–39 | 18 (15, 20) | 24 (20, 29) | 56 (48, 63) | 5.9 (4.4, 8.0) |
| 40–59 | 13 (11, 16) | 19 (16, 23) | 47 (40, 55) | 5.9 (4.5, 7.9) |
| ≥60 | 13 (11, 15) | 19 (16, 24) | 39 (33, 45) | 9.1 (7.5, 11) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 11 (9.4, 14) | 14 (12, 17) | 41 (34, 48) | 4.5 (3.4, 5.9) |
| Female | 15 (13, 17) | 23 (19, 27) | 45 (40, 50) | 7.2 (5.8, 8.8) |
| Less than 50 nmol/L | ||||
| All | 24 (21, 27) | 36 (32, 40) | 62 (56, 67) | 13 (12, 15) |
| Winter months4 | 35 (31, 38) | 40 (36, 44) | 68 (64, 71) | 19 (17, 23) |
| Summer months5 | 17 (15, 19) | 29 (23, 36) | 55 (46, 63) | 11 (9.2, 13) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 1–11 | 9.7 (7.8, 12) | 13 (10, 16) | 29 (24, 34) | 2.8 (1.8, 4.3) |
| 12–19 | 25 (21, 30) | 41 (34, 47) | 70 (63, 76) | 7.7 (5.4, 11) |
| 20–39 | 30 (26, 34) | 45 (39, 51) | 75 (66, 82) | 14 (12, 18) |
| 40–59 | 24 (22, 28) | 38 (33, 42) | 65 (57, 72) | 15 (12, 18) |
| ≥60 | 22 (20, 24) | 35 (31, 40) | 53 (47, 59) | 17 (15, 19) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 22 (19, 25) | 31 (27, 36) | 60 (53, 66) | 12 (9.9, 14) |
| Female | 26 (23, 29) | 41 (36, 45) | 64 (58, 69) | 15 (13, 17) |
| Less than 75 nmol/L | ||||
| All | 64 (61, 66) | 83 (81, 86) | 91 (89, 93) | 53 (50, 55) |
| Winter months4 | 75 (72, 78) | 86 (83, 88) | 93 (91, 95) | 61 (58, 65) |
| Summer months5 | 57 (54, 59) | 79 (75, 83) | 88 (85, 91) | 49 (46, 52) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 1–11 | 56 (52, 61) | 73 (69, 77) | 83 (77, 87) | 40 (32, 47) |
| 12–19 | 70 (66, 73) | 89 (85, 92) | 97 (94, 99) | 54 (48, 60) |
| 20–39 | 69 (66, 73) | 87 (84, 90) | 96 (93, 97) | 56 (52, 60) |
| 40–59 | 64 (61, 66) | 84 (81, 87) | 92 (87, 94) | 54 (52, 57) |
| ≥60 | 56 (53, 60) | 79 (76, 82) | 82 (78, 86) | 51 (47, 55) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 66 (63, 69) | 82 (79, 85) | 92 (89, 94) | 57 (54, 60) |
| Female | 61 (59, 64) | 84 (82, 87) | 90 (88, 92) | 49 (46, 51) |
| Greater than 125 nmol/L | ||||
| All | 2.3 (1.9, 2.9) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.3)6 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7)6 | 3.4 (2.7, 4.2) |
| Winter months4 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | <17 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9)6 | 2.9 (1.8, 4.7) |
| Summer months5 | 2.9 (2.2, 3.7) | <17 | <17 | 3.5 (2.7, 4.6) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 1–11 | 1.2 (0.6, 2.7)6 | <17 | <17 | 2.3 (1.1, 5.0)6 |
| 12–19 | 2.3 (1.4, 3.8) | <17 | <17 | 3.8 (2.3, 6.2) |
| 20–39 | 2.9 (2.1, 4.0) | <17 | <17 | 4.6 (3.2, 6.6) |
| 40–59 | 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) | <17 | <17 | 2.7 (1.9, 4.0) |
| ≥60 | 2.6 (1.7, 4.0) | <17 | 2.1 (1.1, 4.0)6 | 3.0 (2.0, 4.6) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | <17 | <17 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) |
| Female | 3.6 (3.0, 4.4) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4)6 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2)6 | 5.2 (4.3, 6.4) |
Estimates are weighted percentages (95% CIs). The Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake Report defines cutoff values for 25(OH)D as follows: <30 nmol/L, at risk for deficiency; 30 to <50 nmol/L, at risk for inadequacy; ≥50, sufficient; >125 nmol/L, may be reason for concern; and 40 nmol/L, targeted level for median dietary requirements (29). The Endocrine Society recommends concentrations of at least 75 nmol/L (30). 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Estimates for “other” race-ethnicity group (persons with multiethnic background) are not shown but are included in total estimates.
The Hispanic subgroup represents sum of Mexican-American and other Hispanic ethnicities.
Participants sampled from 1 November through 30 April.
Participants sampled from 1 May through 31 October.
30% ≤ relative SE < 40%.
Estimate suppressed, relative SE ≥40%.