Skip to main content
. 2016 Mar 23;103(5):1267–1277. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115733

TABLE 8.

Associations between pumping practices between 1.5 and 4.5 mo postpartum and duration of exclusive HM feeding in mothers in the imputed data set1

Predictor2 Adjustment HR (95% CI) P
Pumping frequency as categorical exposure
 Third quartile compared with less than or equal to the median Unadjusted 1.22 (1.18, 1.26) 0.01
 Fourth quartile compared with less than or equal to the median Unadjusted 1.31 (1.24, 1.37) 0.001
 Third quartile compared with less than or equal to the median Adjusted3 1.17 (1.13, 1.21) 0.06
 Fourth quartile compared with less than or equal to the median Adjusted3 1.21 (1.14, 1.26) 0.05
Pumping frequency as continuous exposure
 Pumping episodes in previous 2 wk,4 n Unadjusted 1.10 (1.06, 1.14) <0.0001
 Pumping episodes in previous 2 wk,4 n Adjusted5 1.082 (1.078, 1.084) <0.0001
1

HM, human milk.

2

In all models, survival analyses were used to compare the survival of exclusive HM feeding between the frequency group of interest and the comparison group.

3

Full models were adjusted for mothers' race/ethnicity (white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, or other), BMI category (normal weight, overweight, or obese), hours worked per week on return to work (0, 1–19, 20–34, or ≥35), timing of their pumping episode, whether mothers' most-used pumps were new or used, and mothers’ level of satisfaction with their most-used pump (high compared with low-to-medium).

4

HRs are presented for an increase of 10 pumping episodes in the previous 2 wk. This number of pumping episodes was chosen to reflect one additional pumping episode per workday for 2 full work weeks.

5

Full models were adjusted for mothers' race/ethnicity (white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, or other), BMI category (normal weight, overweight, or obese), hours worked per week on return to work (0, 1–19, 20–34, or ≥35), timing of the first pumping episode, whether mothers' most-used pumps were new or used, and mothers’ level of satisfaction with their most-used pump (high compared with low-to-medium).