Table 2.
Population studied and date of publication.
| Author (year) | Country | Study population | N | Drug or alcohol use in study population, N (%) | Comparison population, N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Densen-Gerber et al. (1972) | US | Residential community treatment clients | 57 | 57 (100) heroin | |
| Eldred and Washington (1975) | US | Drug treatment clients | 79 | 79 (100) heroin | |
| Ralph and Spigner (1986) | US | Methadone maintenance clients | 115 | 115 (100) opioid dependent | 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, N not reported |
| Armstrong et al. (1991) | US | Drug treatment clients | 599 | 599 (100) in drug treatment | Family planning clinic visits in Philadelphia, PA in 1989, N = 55,223 |
| 405 (68) injecting drug users | |||||
| 154 (25) injected heroin in last 4 wks | |||||
| 93 (16) injected cocaine in last 4 wks | |||||
| Kouzi et al. (1992) | US | Injecting drug users with at least one sexual partner during the typical month | 99 | 99 (100) injecting drug users | |
| White et al. (1993) | UK | Drug treatment and syringe exchange clients | 44 | 44 (100) injecting drug users | |
| Morrison et al. (1995) | UK | Methadone maintenance clients | 201 | 201 (100) opioid dependent | |
| Dudish and Hatsukami (1996) | US | Non-treatment seeking women who responded to research recruitment | 88 | 88 (100) crack cocaine | |
| 41 (47) alcohol | |||||
| 5 (6) marijuana | |||||
| 12 (14) alcohol and marijuana | |||||
| 3 (3) other | |||||
| Harcourt et al. (2001) | Australia | Street-based sex workers | 48 | 40 (83) injecting drug users | Brothel-based sex workers attending Sydney Sexual Health Centre, N = 679 |
| 35 (88) heroin | |||||
| 2 (5) amphetamines | |||||
| 2 (5) cocaine | |||||
| 14 (29) alcohol | |||||
| Gelberg et al. (2002) | US | Chronically homeless women of reproductive age | 229 | 105 (46) — alcohol abuse (lifetime) | |
| 140 (61) — drug abuse (lifetime) | |||||
| Banwell et al. (2003) | Australia | Women who self-reported being hepatitis C positive | 462 | 217 (47) current injecting drug users | 1995 Australian National Health Survey, N not reported |
| 166 (36) past injecting drug users | |||||
| Harding and Ritchie (2003) | Australia | Methadone maintenance clients | 23 | 23 (100) opioid dependent | |
| Harvey et al. (2003) | US | 14–30 years old injecting drug users and partners of male injecting drug users | 94 | 69 (73) injecting drug users | |
| 52 (56) heroin | |||||
| 25 (27) cocaine | |||||
| 38 (41) speed | |||||
| 15 (16) speedball | |||||
| 79 (84) using drugs non-IV | |||||
| 63 (67) marijuana | |||||
| 36 (38) cocaine/crack | |||||
| 37 (39) speed | |||||
| 15 (16) heroin | |||||
| 2 (2) speedball | |||||
| Vidal-Trecan et al. (2003) | France | 25–34 years old injecting drug users in drug treatment | 81 | 81 (100) injecting drug users | 25–34 year old Parisian subsample of the National French Survey of Sexual Behaviour, N = 130 |
| Weber et al. (2003) | Canada | Injecting drug users ≤50 years old | 311 | 311 (100) injecting drug users | |
| Carrieri et al. (2006) | France | Injecting drug users infected with HIV who also reported sex with an occasional partner of unknown HIV serostatus | 90 | 90 (100) injecting drug users | |
| Clarke et al. (2006) | US | Incarcerated women ≥18 years old | 484 | 253 (52) heroin, other opiates, cocaine | |
| 165 (34) alcohol | |||||
| Creighton et al. (2008) | UK | Street-based sex workers | 25 | 24 (96) used any drug | |
| 24 (96) crack | |||||
| 7 (28) heroin | |||||
| 3 (12) cocaine | |||||
| 2 (8) benzodiazepines | |||||
| Sharpe and Velasquez (2008) | US | Women 18–44 years old, of low-income, in urban jail, drug treatment, and healthcare facilities who reported using illicit drugs | 2672 | 2000 (75) polydrug users | Low-income women from same study populations who did not report using illicit drugs in the past 6 months, N = 1369 |
| Olsen et al. (2009) | Australia | Hepatitis C positive women | 109 | 85 (78) injecting drug users | |
| Abdala et al. (2011) | Russia | 18–42 years old injecting drug users | 78 | 78 (100) injecting drug users | |
| Duff et al. (2011) | Canada | Street-based sex workers | 211 | 103 (49%) heroin | |
| 71 (34%) cocaine | |||||
| Toffol et al. (2011) | Finland | General population survey; alcohol abuse and dependence determined from Composite International Diagnostic Interview | 2310 | 10 (b1) alcohol abusers | |
| 84 | 74 (3) alcohol dependent | ||||
| Black et al. (2012) | Australia | Opioid-agonist maintenance clients | 204 | 204 (100) opioid dependent |