Table 2.
Factors associated with patient delay (PD): bivariate analysis.
| Factors | Number (% PD) | Crude OR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.511 | |||
| Male | 234 (53.85) | 1 | ||
| Female | 140 (52.14) | 0.93 | 0.76 to 1.15 | |
| Age (years) | 0.759 | |||
| 15–29 | 149 (51.01) | 1 | ||
| 30–44 | 85 (51.76) | 1.03 | 0.75 to 1.43 | |
| ≥45 | 140 (56.43) | 1.24 | 0.68 to 2.28 | |
| Religion | <0.001 | |||
| Hindu | 292 (52.40) | 1 | ||
| Buddha | 60 (61.67) | 1.46 | 1.17 to 1.83 | |
| Muslim | 22 (40.91) | 0.63 | 0.38 to 1.03 | |
| Residence | <0.001 | |||
| Urban | 249 (46.99) | 1 | ||
| Rural | 125 (65.60) | 2.15 | 1.39 to 3.33 | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate/read & write | 123 (62.60) | 1 | ||
| Primary | 69 (57.97) | 0.82 | 0.59 to 1.16 | |
| Secondary | 107 (42.06) | 0.43 | 0.32 to 0.59 | |
| University | 75 (49.33) | 0.58 | 0.29 to 1.16 | |
| Occupation | <0.001 | |||
| Agriculture | 93 (65.59) | 1 | ||
| Housewife | 42 (47.62) | 0.47 | 0.32 to 0.71 | |
| Service | 50 (44.00) | 0.41 | 0.15 to 1.13 | |
| Business | 58 (48.28) | 0.49 | 0.15 to 1.56 | |
| Unemployed | 100 (52.00) | 0.56 | 0.41 to 0.79 | |
| Labour | 31 (51.61) | 0.56 | 0.29 to 1.08 | |
| Income (monthly in NRs) | 0.009 | |||
| <5000 | 35 (68.57) | 1 | ||
| 5000–7500 | 24 (58.33) | 0.64 | 0.29 to 1.43 | |
| ≥7500 | 257 (50.58) | 0.47 | 0.27 to 0.79 | |
| Number of cigarettes per day | 0.063 | |||
| <5 | 37 (70.27) | 1 | ||
| ≥5 | 115 (53.91) | 0.49 | 0.24 to 1.04 | |
| Symptoms present before diagnosis | <0.001 | |||
| Cough | 260 (51.92) | 1 | ||
| Fever | 56 (57.14) | 1.23 | 0.67 to 2.27 | |
| Loss of weight | 17 (52.94) | 1.04 | 0.26 to 4.12 | |
| Hemoptysis | 20 (50.00) | 0.92 | 0.61 to 1.41 | |
| Chest pain | 21 (61.90) | 1.50 | 1.04 to 2.17 | |
| Family support | 0.001 | |||
| None | 126 (55.56) | 1 | ||
| Husband/wife | 76 (53.95) | 0.94 | 0.48 to 1.82 | |
| Parents | 101 (42.57) | 0.53 | 0.29 to 1.17 | |
| Child | 71 (63.38) | 1.38 | 0.56 to 3.41 | |
| Distance to reach the TB center | <0.001 | |||
| <5 km | 291 (48.45) | 1 | ||
| ≥5 km | 80 (71.25) | 2.64 | 1.58 to 4.39 | |
| Centre of first contact | <0.001 | |||
| Traditional healer/self-treated | 18 (72.22) | 1 | ||
| Private practitioner/pharmacist/vendor | 159 (49.69) | 0.38 | 0.10 to 1.39 | |
| Government health facilities | 197 (54.31) | 0.46 | 0.13 to 1.64 | |
| Categories of HCP for TB diagnosis | 0.002 | |||
| Paramedics | 87 (40.23) | 1 | ||
| Medical officer | 209 (53.59) | 1.72 | 1.24 to 2.37 | |
| Chest specialist | 78 (66.67) | 2.98 | 1.44 to 6.13 |