Table 4.

Secondary outcome measures of biomechanical studies showing no effects of valgus unloader braces on the knee adduction moment

References	Secondary outcome measures
Duivenvoorden et al. [7]	No reduction ground reaction force was seen in the brace group at baseline and after 6 weeks
Gaasbeek et al. [14]	Bracing led to a small decrease in knee extension at the end of the swing phase and increase of walking velocity
Hewett et al. [16]	Before brace wear, 78 % had pain with activities of daily living, but after the first evaluation, only 39 % continued to have such pain, and at the second evaluation, only 31 % were so affected. Before brace wear, patients had a walking tolerance of 51 min prior to the onset of pain symptoms. At the first evaluation, patients could walk 138 min without pain, and after 1 year, they could walk 107 min without pain. Before brace wear, 78 % rated their overall knee condition as fair or poor whereas at the first evaluation, only 33 % continued to provide this rating