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. 2016 Apr 23;13:19. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0131-1

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© Ali et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic of experimental protocol. After a 5 min warm-up at 40 % of maximum power (Wmax), participants underwent the ~1-h cycling time trial. The percentage figures represent the amount of the time trial completed. The four trial solutions included a. 15 % carbohydrate (CHO) solution mouth rinse (0.33 mL · kg⁻¹ body mass (BM)), b placebo (0 % CHO) mouth rinse (0.33 mL · kg⁻¹ BM), c 7.5 % CHO solution ingestion (1.5 mL · kg⁻¹ BM), and d placebo (0 % CHO) ingestion (1.5 mL · kg⁻¹)