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. 2016 Apr 23;13:19. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0131-1

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© Ali et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Mean (± SD) indirect calorimetry measures during 1-h cycling time trial: a respiratory exchange ratio (RER), b estimated energy expenditure rate, c estimated carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rate and d estimated fat oxidation rate. PLAR = placebo mouth rinse; PLAI = placebo ingestion; CHOR = carbohydrate mouth rinse; CHOI = carbohydrate ingestion. * signifies higher values for CHOI relative to other trials (P < 0.05)