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. 2016 Apr 23;13:89. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0554-2

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© Deeg et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — AQP11 expression reduction is associated with gliotic changes in ERU retinas, scale bars = 20 μm. ILM inner limiting membrane (arrow), GCL ganglion cell layer, IPL inner plexiform layer, INL inner nuclear layer, OPL outer plexiform layer, ONL outer nuclear layer, OLM,outer limiting membrane (arrowhead). In uveitis, AQP11 expression decreases secondary to gliosis. a Physiological retina. b ERU. c GFAP (violet) expression in healthy Müller glial cells. d Upregulation of GFAP (violet) in gliotic Müller cells in ERU. e GS (green) expression in control Müller cells. f Reduction of GS (green) in gliotic Müller cells in ERU. g Physiological AQP11 (red) expression in control retina. h Decline of AQP11 contrary to GFAP upregulation in ERU indicates diminished AQP11 in gliotic Müller cells; overlay image of GFAP (violet), GS (green), and AQP11 (red) in i physiological control retina and j ERU retina. i In healthy retina, Müller cell markers and AQP11 widely colocalize (triple overlay = white color). j In contrast, in ERU, gliosis dominates with upregulation of GFAP (violet) and concomitant loss of GS (green) and AQP11 (red), (triple overlay = white color)