Table 1. FDA-approved targeted therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Therapy	Target	Treatment line	Comparison arm	Primary endpoint
Axitinib (9)	VEGFR	Second-line	Sorafenib	PFS
Bevacizumab + IFN-α (AVOREN) (2)	VEGF	First-line	Placebo + IFN-α	OS
Bevacizumab + IFN-α (CALGB) (7)	VEGF	First-line	IFN-α	OS
Everolimus (5)	mTOR	VEGFR failure	Placebo	PFS
Pazopanib (8)	VEGFR	First-line or cytokine failure	Placebo	PFS
Sorafenib (3)	VEGFR	Cytokine failure	Placebo	OS
Sunitinib (6)	VEGFR	First-line	IFN-α	PFS
Temsirolimus (4)	mTOR	First-line	IFN-α	OS

IFN, interferon; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Modified with permission from Singer et al. Curr Opin Oncol 2011 (10).