Table 2.
Prevalence (%)† of psychiatric symptoms by ST exposure levels.
| Variables | Total N (%) | Television time (h/school day) N (%) |
VG/CU time (h/school day) N (%) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | >0 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | >2 | ES; p | 0 | >0 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | >2 | ES;p | ||
| Depression, N (%) | 3499 (27.3) | 1996 (26.2) | 1013 (26.7) | 283 (31.2) | 251 (36.8) | 0.06; <0.001 | 2228 (24.7) | 736 (31.2) | 258 (35.2) | 277 (39.2) | 0.10; <0.001 |
| Anxiety, N (%) | 944 (7.4) | 538 (7.2) | 259 (7.0) | 71 (8.0) | 76 (11.5) | 0.04; <0.001 | 603 (6.8) | 179 (7.8) | 78 (10.8) | 73 (10.8) | 0.05; <0.001 |
| General emotional, behavioral, and social problems, N (%) | 1249 (10.2) | 709 (9.6) | 365 (10.0) | 100 (12.3) | 94 (16.3) | 0.05; <0.001 | 754 (8.7) | 273 (12.1) | 97 (14.3) | 125 (19.7) | 0.09; <0.001 |
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, N (%) | 769 (6.4) | 420 (5.9) | 233 (6.6) | 64 (8.3) | 52 (9.6) | 0.04; 0.001 | 464 (5.5) | 165 (7.7) | 65 (10.1) | 66 (11.0) | 0.07; <0.001 |
| Oppositional defiant problems, N (%) | 1355 (11.1)‡ | 717 (9.8) | 418 (11.6) | 112 (14.1) | 108 (19.4) | 0.07; <0.001 | 795 (9.3) | 301 (13.6) | 110 (16.6) | 133 (21.5) | 0.10; <0.001 |
| Conduct problems, N (%) | 871 (7.3) | 451 (6.4) | 268 (7.7) | 73 (9.5) | 79 (14.5) | 0.07; <0.001 | 479 (5.8) | 187 (8.6) | 88 (13.6) | 103 (17.4) | 0.12; <0.001 |
| Suicide and self-injury, N (%) | 1430 (10.8) | 802 (10.4) | 407 (10.6) | 113 (12.3) | 108 (15.5) | 0.04; <0.001 | 840 (9.2) | 321 (13.3) | 117 (15.7) | 135 (18.9) | 0.09; <0.001 |
ST, screen time; VG/CU, playing video or computer games or using a computer for non-educational purpose; †Percentages do not always equal 100 because of rounding. Values may not always sum to sample size because of missing data; ‡total prevalence of oppositional defiant problems was 11.1% for more than 3% samples’ T score was between 64.5 to 65 (cutoff: t-score ≥ 64.50).