Table 4.
Logistic regression analysis of associations between psychiatric symptoms, self-harm and television ST for each gender.
| Outcomes | Self-reported television exposure levels (h/school day) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males |
Females |
|||||||
| >0 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | >2 | p-value for trend | >0 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | >2 | p-value for trend | |
| Depression, OR (95%CI), p | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.05) 0.231 | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30) 0.804 | 1.33 (1.02 to 1.73) 0.032 | 0.218 | 1.00 (0.86 to 1.16) 0.979 | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.44) 0.485 | 1.62 (1.19 to 2.21) 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Anxiety, OR (95%CI), p | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) 0.167 | 1.14 (0.86 to 1.51) 0.374 | 1.43 (1.05 to 1.95) 0.024 | 0.112 | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.21) 0.627 | 0.87 (0.55 to 1.36) 0.533 | 1.51 (0.96 to 2.38) 0.072 | 0.366 |
| General emotional, behavioral, and social problems, OR (95%CI), p | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.15) 0.518 | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.48) 0.840 | 1.33 (0.89 to 1.97) 0.160 | 0.325 | 0.89 (0.71 to 1.12) 0.326 | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.47) 0.889 | 1.55 (1.01 to 2.39) 0.045 | 0.210 |
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, OR (95%CI), p | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.37) 0.643 | 1.41 (0.94 to 2.11) 0.101 | 0.97 (0.56 to 1.67) 0.903 | 0.473 | 0.96 (0.73 to 1.27) 0.775 | 1.03 (0.62 to 1.72) 0.908 | 1.48 (0.86 to 2.53) 0.153 | 0.326 |
| Oppositional defiant problems, OR (95%CI), p | 0.93 (0.77 to 1.13) 0.480 | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.70) 0.196 | 1.34 (0.92 to 1.94) 0.127 | 0.543 | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.29) 0.747 | 1.14 (0.77 to 1.68) 0.510 | 1.65 (1.09 to 2.50) 0.019 | 0.031 |
| Conduct problems, OR (95%CI), p | 0.84 (0.64 to 1.09) 0.187 | 1.03 (0.69 to 1.55) 0.869 | 1.34 (0.86 to 2.09) 0.192 | 0.679 | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.47) 0.307 | 0.86 (0.52 to 1.41) 0.546 | 1.45 (0.89 to 2.38) 0.137 | 0.216 |
| Self-harm, OR (95%CI), p | 0.81 (0.67 to 0.99) 0.037 | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.12) 0.206 | 0.89 (0.62 to 1.27) 0.510 | 0.464 | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.17) 0.620 | 0.80 (0.54 to 1.18) 0.258 | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.88) 0.250 | 0.740 |
ST, screen time; OR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; adjusted variables: age, grade, body mass index, subjective economic status, volume of video games/computer use for non-education purpose, smoking, physical activity; gender-matched no television exposure groups served as reference groups.