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. 2016 Apr 25;6:24912. doi: 10.1038/srep24912

Figure 2. Features of GBM within Hyaluronic acid (HA)-rich ECM environment.

Figure 2

HA can be interpenetrating with a fibrillary, crosslinked collagen (COL) hydrogel, forming hyaluronic acid-collagen semi-interpenetrating polymer network (HA-COL semi-IPN). The patient-derived GBM cells were isolated with CD133 markers using flow cytometry, then labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). (A) Structural scheme for HA-COL semi-IPN as HA-rich ECM environment.(B) Scanning electron images of COL and HA-COL semi-IPN matrices. Scale bar: 10 μm. (C) The culture process of three-dimensional GBM tumorsphere (TS) in ECM matrix. (D) Increased relative expression of HA receptors, CD44 and RHAMM in GBM, cultured within non-HA (COL only) and HA-rich (HA-COL semi-IPN) environment. (n = 5~6; Asterisks indicate a significant difference by student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (E) Normalized proliferation of GBM cultured in non-HA (COL only) and HA-rich (HA-COL semi-IPN) environment (red line: non-HA, yellow line: HA-rich) in a fold-change. (F) Representative fluorescent images of invaded GBM TS within non-HA and HA-rich environment according to the time-variant. The invasiveness of GBM TS within HA-rich ECM environment was higher than one of GBM TS within non-HA environment.