Table 3.
Logistic Regressions for Onset of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Limitations Between 2001 and 2012 in the Older Cohort (Aged 60+ in 2001) by Sex.
| Older Males (n = 2,213) |
Older Females (n = 2,564) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 3a |
Model 3b |
Model 3c |
Model 3d |
Model 4a |
Model 4b |
Model 4c |
Model 4d |
|||||||||
| OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | |
| Education | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 years (Ref: 7+ years) | 1.47 | (0.28)* | 1.29 | (0.25) | 1.30 | (0.25) | 1.22 | (0.25) | 2.10 | (0.32)*** | 1.80 | (0.28)*** | 1.82 | (0.29)*** | 1.58 | (0.26)** |
| 1–5 years (Ref: 7+ years) | 1.57 | (0.28)* | 1.41 | (0.26) | 1.43 | (0.26)* | 1.33 | (0.25) | 1.81 | (0.27)*** | 1.55 | (0.24)** | 1.61 | (0.25)** | 1.40 | (0.22)* |
| 6 years (Ref: 7+ years) | 1.45 | (0.29) | 1.28 | (0.26) | 1.34 | (0.27) | 1.20 | (0.25) | 1.47 | (0.25)* | 1.31 | (0.23) | 1.35 | (0.23) | 1.21 | (0.21) |
| Demographics | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 1.05 | (0.01)*** | 1.05 | (0.01)*** | 1.05 | (0.01)*** | 1.05 | (0.01)*** | 1.03 | (0.01)*** | 1.03 | (0.01)*** | 1.03 | (0.01)*** | 1.03 | (0.01)*** |
| More urban (Less urban) | 0.83 | (0.09) | 0.86 | (0.10) | 0.85 | (0.10) | 0.84 | (0.10) | 0.95 | (0.09) | 0.97 | (0.09) | 0.97 | (0.09) | 0.99 | 0.10) |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||||
| Widowed (Ref: married) | 1.01 | (0.15) | 1.04 | (0.17) | 1.04 | (0.17) | 1.07 | (0.18) | 0.97 | (0.10) | 0.98 | (0.10) | 0.96 | (0.10) | 0.97 | (0.10) |
| Other (Ref: married) | 0.73 | (0.16) | 0.72 | (0.16) | 0.72 | (0.16) | 0.73 | (0.17) | 1.00 | (0.13) | 0.99 | (0.14) | 0.98 | (0.13) | 0.98 | (0.14) |
| Health behaviors and chronic conditions | ||||||||||||||||
| Chronic condition count | 1.17 | (0.09)* | 1.17 | (0.09)* | 1.22 | (0.07)** | 1.22 | (0.07)** | ||||||||
| Former smoker (Ref: never) | 1.06 | (0.13) | 1.05 | (0.13) | 1.01 | (0.12) | 1.02 | (0.12) | ||||||||
| Smoke now (Ref: never) | 0.87 | (0.13) | 0.85 | (0.13) | 1.07 | (0.18) | 1.08 | (0.18) | ||||||||
| Binge drinking (Ref: no) | 0.75 | (0.14) | 0.76 | (0.14) | 0.90 | (0.40) | 0.89 | (0.40) | ||||||||
| Self-rated health | ||||||||||||||||
| Poor (Ref: excellent) | 4.74 | (1.79)*** | 4.63 | (1.75)*** | 2.48 | (0.71)** | 2.42 | (0.70)** | ||||||||
| Fair (Ref: excellent) | 3.52 | (1.27)*** | 3.40 | (1.23)** | 1.70 | (0.47) | 1.68 | (0.46) | ||||||||
| Good (Ref: excellent) | 2.68 | (0.97)** | 2.62 | (0.96)** | 1.07 | (0.30) | 1.06 | (0.30) | ||||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||||||
| Low tertile (Ref: high tertile) | 1.31 | (0.19) | 1.31 | (0.19) | 1.32 | (0.16)* | 1.30 | (0.16)* | ||||||||
| Mid tertile (Ref: high tertile) | 1.32 | (0.18)* | 1.29 | (0.18) | 1.42 | (0.17)** | 1.43 | (0.17)** | ||||||||
| Wealth | ||||||||||||||||
| Low tertile (Ref: high tertile) | 1.13 | (0.16) | 1.13 | (0.16) | 1.16 | (0.13) | 1.10 | (0.13) | ||||||||
| Mid tertile (Ref: high tertile) | 1.20 | (0.16) | 1.20 | (0.16) | 1.07 | (0.12) | 1.05 | (0.12) | ||||||||
| Health insurance | ||||||||||||||||
| Insured (Ref: not insured) | 1.17 | (0.14) | 0.97 | (0.10) | ||||||||||||
Note: OR = odds ratio; SE = standard error. All models include the number of waves the respondent was followed up to account for differential length of follow up. Adapted from own calculations using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS).
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.