Table 1.
Results of repeated generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMMs) on learning acquisition across 10 CS–US trials for honeybee and bumblebee workers exposed to the pesticide clothianidin and inoculated with the parasite N. ceranae spores. Restricted maximum-likelihood procedure was used in the estimation. Honeybees: Akaike information criteria (AIC) = 5 844.03, repeated covariance type: toeplitz. Bumblebees: AIC = 7 259.72, repeated covariance type: scaled identity.
| F | d.f. (numerator (n), denominator (d)) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| honeybee | |||
| pesticide | 12.04 | 1, 1 391 | 0.001 |
| parasite | 3.27 | 1, 1 391 | 0.071 |
| trial number | 0.09 | 1, 1 391 | 0.77 |
| bumblebee | |||
| pesticide | 3.82 | 1, 1 351 | 0.051 |
| parasite | 0.45 | 1, 1 351 | 0.50 |
| trial number | 165.30 | 1, 1 351 | <0.001 |
| pesticide × parasite | 5.37 | 1, 1 351 | 0.010 |
| pesticide × trial number | 2.44 | 1, 1 351 | 0.12 |
| parasite × trial number | 0.67 | 1, 1 351 | 0.41 |
| pesticide × parasite × trial number | 5.52 | 1, 1 351 | 0.019 |