. 2015 May 26;48(2):775–788. doi: 10.4143/crt.2014.369

Table 3.

Factors possibly affecting participants’ perceptions of lifetime cumulative incidence rates of cancer

Variable	All		Stomach		Lung		Liver		Colon, rectum		Breast^a)		Uterine cervix^a)		Thyroid^a)		Prostate^a)
Variable	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value	RRR	p-value
Men
Underestimation
Age (per year)	1.00	0.86	0.97	0.55	0.96	0.34	0.92	0.13	0.96	0.38	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.98	0.58
Smoking (current smoking)	0.75	0.40	1.96	0.56	0.30	0.18	2.07	0.56	0.61	0.48	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.72	0.53
Alcohol consumption (current drinking)	1.03	0.91	1.44	0.75	0.40	0.15	0.14	0.02	0.35	0.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.41	0.25
Education (college and higher)	1.61	0.04	1.03	0.96	1.37	0.61	1.09	0.90	0.76	0.66	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.83	0.30
Religion (yes)	1.04	0.85	2.53	0.12	1.51	0.47	1.94	0.33	0.96	0.94	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.87	0.80
Have a disease other than cancer (yes)	1.17	0.51	0.75	0.74	0.97	0.97	1.03	0.97	1.11	0.88	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.51	0.42
Have cared for family or friend (yes)	0.67	0.13	0.73	0.78	0.39	0.38	4.13	0.99	0.50	0.51	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.74	0.85
Cancer worry score	0.66	0.02	0.16	0.15	0.26	0.15	0.12	0.14	0.36	0.25	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.23	0.12
Overestimation
Age (per year)	1.02	0.25	1.01	0.56	1.01	0.61	1.01	0.44	1.00	0.88	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.96	0.02
Smoking (current smoking)	0.64	0.25	0.80	0.43	1.05	0.81	1.42	0.25	0.86	0.49	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.04	0.89
Alcohol consumption (current drinking)	2.62	0.02	1.50	0.10	1.08	0.74	0.66	0.27	1.15	0.51	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.90	0.72
Education (college and higher)	1.83	0.03	0.99	0.96	1.27	0.16	1.14	0.58	0.98	0.92	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.90	0.64
Religion (yes)	0.90	0.66	1.22	0.25	0.90	0.46	0.94	0.79	0.86	0.31	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.86	0.45
Have a disease other than cancer (yes)	1.20	0.53	0.76	0.19	0.79	0.17	0.59	0.04	0.93	0.70	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	0.77
Have cared for family or friend (yes)	1.38	0.28	2.08	<0.01^*	1.22	0.33	2.00	0.05	1.59	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.62	< 0.01^*
Cancer worry score	1.19	0.39	1.90	<0.01^*	1.68	<0.01^*	1.65	0.04	1.91	< 0.01^*	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.62	0.03
Women
Underestimation
Age (per year)	1.01	0.25	0.98	0.81	1.12	< 0.01^*	1.09	0.04	1.01	0.91	1.05	0.74	1.01	0.92	0.97	0.19	-	-
Smoking (current smoking)	1.87	0.24	1.19	0.98	3.02	1.00	1.08	0.95	4.65	0.24	58.03	0.12	5.75	0.18	3.96	0.04	-	-
Alcohol consumption (current drinking)	0.78	0.13	1.96	0.37	1.02	0.97	1.25	0.66	0.85	0.82	1.15	0.93	0.83	0.84	1.03	0.93	-	-
Education (college and higher)	0.90	0.60	2.15	0.37	2.84	0.10	4.93	< 0.01^*	14.15	< 0.01^*	14.05	0.26	5.28	0.13	0.57	0.12	-	-
Religion (yes)	0.85	0.34	1.11	0.89	1.87	0.31	1.15	0.79	2.44	0.29	34.70	0.98	1.24	0.82	0.68	0.15	-	-
Have a disease other than cancer (yes)	0.84	0.39	7.71	0.02	1.06	0.93	1.22	0.76	2.84	0.30	17.42	0.25	5.70	0.12	1.08	0.83	-	-
Have cared for family or friend (yes)	1.11	0.58	0.39	0.27	0.49	0.25	0.53	0.30	6.14	0.98	2.71	0.98	8.62	0.98	0.77	0.40	-	-
Cancer worry score	0.93	0.67	1.07	0.94	0.22	0.09	0.34	0.21	0.23	0.23	0.71	0.89	0.06	0.23	0.47	0.02	-	-
Overestimation
Age (per year)	1.01	0.31	1.03	0.14	1.05	0.01	1.06	< 0.01^*	1.04	0.02	1.00	0.20	0.98	0.42	0.98	0.17	-	-
Smoking (current smoking)	2.43	0.09	0.36	0.07	0.82	0.73	0.67	0.43	1.13	0.85	0.96	0.93	0.72	0.60	1.78	0.30	-	-
Alcohol consumption (current drinking)	1.50	0.03	2.06	< 0.01^*	1.40	0.12	1.50	0.05	1.27	0.27	1.13	0.48	1.01	0.98	0.96	0.82	-	-
Education (college and higher)	1.39	0.13	1.30	0.44	1.04	0.88	1.44	0.15	1.61	0.09	1.32	0.20	0.85	0.62	1.10	0.65	-	-
Religion (yes)	1.02	0.92	0.85	0.15	1.06	0.81	1.17	0.65	0.91	0.66	0.97	0.85	1.15	0.61	1.17	0.37	-	-
Have a disease other than cancer (yes)	1.27	0.29	1.80	0.15	1.44	0.25	1.14	0.65	1.01	0.97	1.79	0.02	1.86	0.11	1.67	0.03	-	-
Have cared for family or friend (yes)	1.49	0.04	0.61	0.08	0.66	0.07	0.74	0.18	0.89	0.62	0.88	0.50	0.90	0.72	1.12	0.55	-	-
Cancer worry score	1.57	< 0.01^*	1.52	0.16	1.64	0.04	2.34	< 0.01^*	1.52	0.07	1.95	< 0.01^*	3.05	< 0.01^*	1.10	0.53	-	-

RRR, relative-risk ratio.

Statistically significant with Bonferroni correction.

^a)

Sex-specific cancer.