Table 1.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-UnitedHealth Global Health Centers of Excellence Program descriptions for 38 primary studies.

Lead COE	Short Title	Study Design	Study Population (Setting)	Intervention	Outcomes Measured
Argentina*	Cardio Risk Factors Detection	Randomized multi-stage stratified cluster sample	MF 35-74 y (community)	N/A	Events, prevalence, RF control
Argentina*	Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Children Related to IAP	Retrospective cohort	Household with child ≤5 y or stillborn (households with high biomass exposure)	N/A	IAP exposure, history of pregnancy, births, respiratory infections
Bangladesh	COPD and HT on Households	Cross-sectional descriptive	MF ≥18 y with COPD, HT (households)	N/A	Prevalence, cost of care, health seeking behaviors
Bangladesh	Determinants of COPD	Prospective longitudinal cohort	MF ≥40 y (community)	N/A	Function, prevalence, coping strategies
Bangladesh	Prevalence of Arterial HT	Prospective cohort	MF ≥20 y (rural/urban surveillance sites)	Health messages, medical referrals	BP, prevalence, RFs,
Bangladesh	Chronic Disease in Matlab	Quantitative survey-Health/demographic surveillance system	Poor households (rural)	N/A	Socioeconomic consequences of CD; mortality distribution
Bangladesh*	Cook stoves and IAP with Women and Children	Prospective cohort	F ≥18 y & children ≤5 y (rural households)	gas cook stoves	CVD RFs, respiratory morbidity, lung function
China	CV Risk Mgmt Arm, Salt Reduction Arm	Factorial cluster-RCT	M ≥50 y F ≥60 y (villages in 5 provinces)	Low-cost CVD prevention/control package with incentive	Events, prevalence, adherence, cost of care
China	CRHI: Salt Reduction Arm	Factorial cluster-RCT	Villages (townships in 5 provinces)	Community salt reduction; health promotion prog	Sodium-potassium ratio, BP, proportion HT
China**	Effects of SimCard-China/India	Cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial	MF ≥40 y with HD, stroke, DM, or SBP ≥160 mmHg (poor villages)	Simplified CVD management prog for high-risk individuals	changes in high-risk patients treated with diuretics
Guatemala	Dietary Factors Assoc with CVD	Cross-sectional	Children 7-12 y and parents (schools-poor peri-urban areas)	N/A	Prevalence
Guatemala	CV Risk Factors in Children,	Qualitative study	school children 7-12 y; parents, teachers; health providers; community leaders (poor peri-urban areas)	N/A	Knowledge & attitudes on CVD determinants
Guatemala	CV Risk Factors in Children	Characterization of CVD RFs	school children 7-12 y (Poor peri-urban areas)	N/A	Prevalence of CVD RFs
Guatemala	CV Risk Factors in Children	Pre/post single sample design pilot	Children 7-12 y & parents (schools in poor peri-urban areas)	Multilevel-CV intervention model	Feasibility, short-term effectiveness of model
Guatemala*	CV Risks in Persons with DM2/HT	Quasi-experimental design, model development	Patients with DM and HBP (PCC in Mexico/Costa Rica)	Validated CVD intervention model	Feasibility, acceptability, short term efficacy
Guatemala**	mHealth Technology	Validation of intervention pilot	MF 30-60 y non HT/DM (PCC in poor urban areas in 3 countries	SMS messages,	mHealth technology for SMS. One-to-one calls
Guatemala**	mHealth Technology	RCT proof-of-concept intervention	Pre-HT MF (PCC in poor urban areas in 3 countries	Intensive lifestyle modification prog.	Feasibility, acceptability, implementation
India, Bangalore	PREPARE	Multi-center, household cluster-randomized trial	Households (rural regions)	Clinic visits, counseling by CHW	BMI, waist/hip circumference, BP, INTERHEART risk score, BP medication
India, Bangalore	SPREAD	Multi-center randomized open trial	Patients with ACS (hospitals)	CHW education/visits physician referrals	Adherence to pharmacotherapy, incidence of CV events, RF assessment
India, Bangalore	INSPIRE	Multi-center randomized open trial	Stroke patients (secondary & tertiary hospitals)	N/A	Clinical outcomes, clinical practice patterns for care, secondary prevention
India, New Delhi*	CARRS Surveillance Study	Multi-stage cluster random sampling survey	MF 20-59 y (urban households)	N/A	CVD prevalence, RF, incidence of morbidity and mortality
India, New Delhi*	CARRS Translational Trial	Multi-site, individually randomized controlled translation trial	DM2 patients (out-patient clinics)	Multi-factorial CVD risk reduction intervention	assess intervention feasibility, patient evaluation
Kenya	IAP in Western Kenya	Cross-sectional	Females ≥35 y (hospital)	N/A	Isolated right heart failure prevalence
Kenya	Cardiac Heart Failure	Case-control	Case: MF ≥40 y with HF, control: without (hospital)	N/A	Prevalence
Kenya	HT, DM & Organ Damage	Pop-based cross-sectional	MF ≥18 y (households)	N/A	Prevalence
Kenya**	IAP in Kenya/Bangladesh	Pre-post intervention RCT	Women & children ≤10 y (rural households)	Low-emission cook stoves; education prog	Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, stove acceptance
Kenya	Hand held echocardiogram Study	Convenience sample	Echocardiography patients (rural hospital)	HHE; physical exam	HHE diagnosis of cardiac diseases
Kenya	Impact of Clean Cook stoves	Community-based randomized intervention trial	Children ≤5 y (rural households)	Low-emission cook stoves	Household air pollution. Pneumonia (severity)
Mexico	Meta-Salud Chronic Disease Prevention	Pre & post-test evaluation	Adults MF average age 42 y (SD 10.6) (low resource urban area)	Community-based training on NCD prevention by CHW	Clinical/behavioral-lifestyle outcomes: BMI, waist/hip circumference, weight, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol
Mexico	Meta-Salud: Chronic Disease Prevention	Process evaluation design	Stakeholders involved in the research study (participants, CHW, clinic staff)	Community-based training on NCD prevention by CHW	Intervention improvement and refinement
Peru	Geo Variation/Progression of NCDs	Longitudinal cohort	MF ≥35 y (4 geographical settings in Peru)	N/A	BP, blood glucose, lung function; RF mortality, incidence; prevalence
Peru**	Cook stoves-Peru/Kenya/Nepal	Multi-country, community feasibility intervention trial	Females 20-49 y (rural households)	Improved cook stoves with chimney	Respiratory symptoms, expiratory flow/volume, exhaled CO, 24hr particulate matter, pulmonary function
Peru*	Lung Ultrasound and Improved Cook stoves	Diagnostic accuracy study	Children <3 y with WHO ALRI criteria (poor settings- Peru & Nepal)	Lung ultrasound	O2 saturation, pneumonia misclassification rates
South Africa	CRIBSA	Cross sectional survey in a random pop sample	Black Africans (peri-urban townships)	N/A	N/A
South Africa	Tools to Manage Chronic NCDs	Pragmatic cluster RCT	PCPs (PCC in underserved communities)	Novel guideline-based training prog.	Treatment intensification, CV and pulmonary disease care, processes/outcomes, cost effectiveness
South Africa**	Eval of CHW in SA/Bangl/Guat/Mexico	Quasi-experimental design pilot	MF ≥25 y (PCC in 4 countries)	Screening by CHW, clinic referrals	CHW/professionals CVD risk scores; referral Effectiveness
Tunisia	Effectiveness NCD risk factors control	Quasi experimental design pre/post with control group	MF 18-65 y (community); MF 18-65 y (workplaces); MF 12-17 y (schools)	Healthy life style; peer education; media	RF (smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity) control
Tunisia	Kindergarten healthy lifestyles intervention	Quasi experimental design pre/post with control group	MF 4-5 y (kindergarten school children)	Healthy life style intervention; health education	RF (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity) control

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BP, blood pressure; HBP, high blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; CHW, community health workers; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CRHI, China Rural Health Initiative, DM, diabetes; DM2, type 2 diabetes; HD, heart disease; HF, heart failure; HT, hypertension; IAP, indoor air pollution; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MF, males and females; PCC, primary care clinic; RF, risk factor; RCT, randomized controlled trial; y, year

^*Led by a COE with multiple sites within their collaboration network (7 studies)

^**A collaboration across multiple COEs (6 studies) addressing a common health priority issue