Fig. 2.

Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone suppresses the expression of various cytokines in CD4⁺T cells. CD4⁺T cells (1.0 × 10⁶ cells/mL) isolated from lymphocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of PMA (10 ng/mL) and ionomycin (1 μg/mL) with indicated concentrations of APO-9 (6.25 to 50 μM) for 4 (real-time PCR) or 24 (WST-1 assay) hours. (A) Cell viability was analyzed by WST-1 assay. (B–D) The expression of mRNA for various cytokines in CD4⁺T cells was measured by real-time PCR. The measurements were made in triplicate and are shown as mean ± S.D. **P < 0.01 compared to CD4⁺T cells with PMA/ionomycin alone.