Table 3.

Multivariable associations of offspring aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) DNA methylation with categories of maternal BMI, preterm vs. term birth, and categories of fetal growth, PROGRESS birth cohort, Mexico City, n = 507

	β (AHRR DNA methylation, %5mC)	95% CI	P value
Model 1
Overweight vs. normal weight	0.91	(0.08, 1.74)	0.03
Obese vs. normal weight	2.14	(1.01, 3.23)	0.0001
Model 2
Preterm vs. full term	3.15	(1.97, 4.33)	<0.0001
Model 3
SGA vs. AGA	1.11	(0.20, 2.02)	0.02
LGA vs. AGA	−3.72	(−6.20, −1.23)	0.003

All models adjusted for maternal age, parity, household smoke exposure, infant sex using generalized estimating equations with robust variance.

Model 1 additionally adjusted for gestational age at delivery and birth weight-for-gestational age. Overweight defined as 2nd trimester body mass index (BMI) >27 and <32 kg/m². Obese defined as a 2nd trimester BMI >32 kg/m².

Model 2 additionally adjusted for maternal BMI and birth weight-for-gestational age. Preterm defined as <37 completed weeks of gestation and full term defined as >37 weeks of gestation.

Model 3 additionally adjusted for maternal BMI and gestational age at delivery. SGA, small-for-gestational age and LGA, large-for-gestational age defined as <10th and >90th percentile of birth weight-for-gestational age based on Fenton,²² respectively.