Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants in the discovery phase across smoking groups.
| Current Smokers (N = 107) | Former Smokers, 1 to 5 y (N = 31) | Former Smokers, > 5 y (N = 165) | Never Smokers (N = 342) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y* | 56.5 (10.4) | 62.0 (10.7) | 63.8 (10.7) | 65.1 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 46 (43.0) | 8 (25.8) | 46 (27.9) | 229 (67.0) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg*‡ | 126 (19.4) | 131 (20.7) | 131 (17.5) | 132 (18.3) | 0.048 |
| DBP, mmHg*‡ | 77 (10.7) | 78 (13.1) | 76 (9.80) | 76 (9.38) | 0.467 |
| Hypertension, n (%)‡ | 39 (36.4) | 18 (58.1) | 85 (51.5) | 160 (46.8) | 0.054 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL* | 207 (38.7) | 213 (42.2) | 202 (36.4) | 211 (35.2) | 0.073 |
| LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL*‡ | 136 (34.7) | 141 (34.6) | 131 (31.6) | 137 (31.5) | 0.156 |
| HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL*‡ | 49 (12.3) | 52 (11.7) | 53 (12.7) | 55 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL† | 116 (64.3) | 107 (45.5) | 96 (45.6) | 98 (43.5) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes, n (%)‡ | 7 (6.5) | 3 (9.7) | 25 (15.2) | 28 (8.2) | 0.062 |
| BMI, kg/m2 *‡ | 27.1 (4.6) | 27.8 (3.4) | 26.9 (3.8) | 26.7 (4.1) | 0.526 |
| Obesity, n (%)‡ | 25 (23.4) | 6 (19.4) | 31 (18.9) | 66 (19.4) | 0.807 |
| Physical activity, METs min/day† | 180 (81–408) | 264 (111–319) | 307 (191–529) | 258 (129–350) | 0.017 |
*Mean (Standard deviation)
† Median (Interquartile range)
‡ SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; Hypertension, defined as previous treatment or SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; Diabetes, defined as previous treatment or glycaemia ≥126 mg/dL; BMI, Body Mass Index; Obesity, defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2.