Table 3.
Odds Ratios [and Confidence Intervals] of the Influence of Demographics, Externalizing Psychopathology, and Personality on Class Membership
| Sex | Ethnicity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Female | Caucasian | Black | Hispanic | Other |
| HS vs. MS | 1.29 [1.09, 1.51] | 1.10 [0.88, 1.36] | 1.06 [0.79, 1.43] | 0.97 [0.73, 1.30] | 0.69 [0.46, 1.03] |
| EA vs. MS | 1.20 [1.01, 1.42] | 0.83 [0.65, 1.07] | 1.60 [1.23, 2.07] | 0.88 [0.65, 1.21] | 0.99 [0.60, 1.65] |
| RA vs. MS | 1.42 [1.19, 1.68] | 0.47 [0.37, 0.60] | 2.64 [1.93, 3.61] | 1.36 [0.92, 2.01] | 1.16 [0.73, 1.85] |
| EA vs. HS | 0.93 [0.81, 1.07] | 0.76 [0.64, 0.90] | 1.50 [1.22, 1.85] | 0.91 [0.73, 1.13] | 1.45 [1.01, 2.08] |
| RA vs. HS | 1.10 [0.96, 1.27] | 0.43 [0.36, 0.52] | 2.48 [1.88, 3.27] | 1.39 [1.06, 1.83] | 1.69 [1.19, 2.41] |
| RA vs. EA | 1.18 [1.04, 1.35] | 0.57 [0.46, 0.69] | 1.65 [1.25, 2.20] | 1.53 [1.18, 2.00] | 1.17 [0.82, 1.66] |
| Psychopathology | |||||
| Class | AUD | CUD | ND | Delinquency | |
| HS vs. MS | 0.88 [0.72, 1.09] | 0.77 [0.61, 0.96] | 0.68 [0.57, 0.81] | 0.68 [0.62, 0.74] | |
| EA vs. MS | 0.82 [0.66, 1.03] | 0.41 [0.31, 0.56] | 0.40 [0.31, 0.51] | 0.38 [0.33, 0.44] | |
| RA vs. MS | 0.13 [0.10, 0.17] | 0.02 [0.01, 0.04] | 0.10 [0.07, 0.13] | 0.23 [0.20, 0.27] | |
| EA vs. HS | 0.93 [0.75, 1.17] | 0.54 [0.41, 0.71] | 0.59 [0.46, 0.75] | 0.57 [0.50, 0.65] | |
| RA vs. HS | 0.15 [0.12, 0.19] | 0.02 [0.01, 0.05] | 0.14 [0.11, 0.18] | 0.33 [0.28, 0.39] | |
| RA vs. EA | 0.16 [0.12, 0.21] | 0.04 [0.02, 0.08] | 0.24 [0.18, 0.32] | 0.59 [0.52, 0.67] | |
| Big Five Personality Dimensions | |||||
| Class | Extraversion | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness | Neuroticism | Openness |
| HS vs. MS | 0.97 [0.89, 1.07] | 1.11 [1.01, 1.22] | 1.14 [1.04, 1.26] | 0.89 [0.81, 0.99] | 0.96 [0.87, 1.06] |
| EA vs. MS | 0.92 [0.83, 1.01] | 1.15 [1.06, 1.23] | 1.10 [1.01, 1.20] | 0.82 [0.73, 0.91] | 1.10 [1.004, 1.21] |
| RA vs. MS | 0.74 [0.67, 0.81] | 1.15 [1.04, 1.28] | 1.21 [1.08, 1.34] | 0.82 [0.75, 0.90] | 0.85 [0.77, 0.95] |
| EA vs. HS | 0.94 [0.87, 1.03] | 1.03 [0.96, 1.11] | 0.97 [0.89, 1.04] | 0.91 [0.84, 0.99] | 1.15 [1.05, 1.25] |
| RA vs. HS | 0.76 [0.70, 0.83] | 1.04 [0.95, 1.13] | 1.05 [0.98, 1.14] | 0.91 [0.86, 0.98] | 0.89 [0.81, 0.97] |
| RA vs. EA | 0.81 [0.74, 0.87] | 1.00 [0.92, 1.09] | 1.09 [1.003, 1.19] | 1.00 [0.93, 1.09] | 0.77 [0.71, 0.85] |
Note. HS = high school, MS = middle school, EA = early adulthood, RA = relative abstainer. AUD = alcohol use disorder, CUD = cannabis use disorder, ND = nicotine dependence. Odds ratios for delinquency and the Big Five personality dimensions are calculated as a function of a one standard deviation change in delinquency and personality, respectively. Confidence intervals computed with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons with α = .05. Bold values indicate significant odds ratios at α = .05.