Table 4.

Univariable and multivariable cox proportional hazards regression analysis of overall survival (sarcopenia according to TPV)

	Univariable		Multivariable for TPV
	HR (95 % CI)	P value	HR (95 % CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.003	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	<0.001
Male gender	1.05 (0.85–1.30)	0.64	–
Sarcopenia according on TPV	1.72 (1.36–2.19)	<0.001	1.46 (1.11–1.91)	0.006
Race
White	Ref
Black	0.92 (0.62–1.36)	0.67	–
Asian	0.87 (0.36–2.10)	0.75	–
Other	0.53 (0.29–0.96)	0.04	–
BMI	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.59	–
Grade of tumor
Well differentiated	Ref		–
Moderate differentiated	1.13 (0.59–2.15)	0.70	–
Poor/undifferentiated	1.52 (0.80–2.89)	0.20	–
Stage of tumor
Stage I	Ref		Ref
Stage II	4.16 (2.43–7.12)	<0.001	2.67 (1.43–4.98)	0.002
Stage III	5.43 (2.59–11.41)	<0.001	4.10 (1.82–9.21)	0.001
Nodal metastasis	2.29 (1.73–3.02)	<0.001	1.44 (1.00–2.07)	0.05
Tumor size	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.003	1.01 (1.00–1.03)	<0.001
Type of operation
Distal pancreatectomy	Ref
Pancreatoduodenectomy	1.27 (0.94–1.72)	0.12	–
Total pancreatectomy	1.60 (0.92–2.78)	0.09	–
LVI	1.59 (1.26–2.01)	<0.001	1.25 (0.96–1.63)	0.10
PVI	1.66 (1.11–2.47)	0.01	1.27 (0.78–2.07)	0.34

BMI body mass index, LVI lymphovascular invasion, PVI perivascular invasion