Table 2.
Univariate analyses of associations between the clinical and pathologic characteristics and survival
| Variables | Comparison | Overall survival
|
Disease-free survival
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age (years) | <60 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥60 | 0.759 (0.526–1.095) | 0.14 | 0.836 (0.649–1.078) | 0.168 | |
| Sex | Female | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 1.651 (1.162–2.347) | 0.005 | 1.385 (1.081–1.773) | 0.01 | |
| Smoking status | Never smoker | 1 | 1 | ||
| Smoker | 1.72 (1.211–2.443) | 0.002 | 1.543 (1.201–1.981) | 0.001 | |
| Location | Right upper lobe | 1 | 1 | ||
| Right middle lobe | 1.034 (0.557–1.919) | 0.915 | 1.058 (0.723–1.55) | 0.771 | |
| Right lower lobe | 0.869 (0.513–1.472) | 0.603 | 1.126 (0.672–1.888) | 0.651 | |
| Left upper lobe | 0.917 (0.583–1.443) | 0.707 | 1.028 (0.663–1.593) | 0.903 | |
| Left lower lobe | 0.697 (0.394–1.234) | 0.215 | 1.124 (0.757–1.668) | 0.563 | |
| Surgical procedure | Wedge | 1 | 1 | ||
| Lobectomy | 2.099 (0.517–8.52) | 0.3 | 2.204 (0.834–4.915) | 0.119 | |
| Bilobectomy | 5.474 (1.264–23.71) | 0.023 | 4.207 (1.604–11.032) | 0.003 | |
| Sleeve lobectomy | 10.498 (2.028–54.338) | 0.005 | 5.507 (1.668–18.179) | 0.005 | |
| Pneumonectomy | 15.902 (3.369–75.058) | <0.0001 | 6.279 (2.051–19.222) | 0.001 | |
| T stage | T1a | 1 | 1 | ||
| T1b | 0.975 (0.343–2.768) | 0.962 | 1.104 (0.616–1.976) | 0.74 | |
| T2a | 3.751 (2.045–6.879) | <0.0001 | 2.835 (1.955–4.112) | <0.0001 | |
| T2b | 10.847 (5.227–22.507) | <0.0001 | 6.734 (4.093–11.078) | <0.0001 | |
| T3 | 7.223 (2.949–17.692) | <0.0001 | 4.333 (2.285–8.219) | <0.0001 | |
| Pathologic N stage | N0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| N1 | 2.886 (1.65–5.048) | <0.0001 | 2.246 (1.527–3.305) | <0.0001 | |
| N2 | 5.433 (3.62–8.154) | <0.0001 | 4.733 (3.593–6.234) | <0.0001 | |
| Histology | Lepidic predominant | 1 | 1 | ||
| Acinar predominant | 8.353 (1.139–61.278) | 0.037 | 2.765 (1.439–5.313) | 0.002 | |
| Papillary predominant | 6.29 (0.757–52.259) | 0.089 | 1.957 (0.903–4.242) | 0.089 | |
| Solid predominant | 39.746 (5.507–286.86) | <0.0001 | 6.276 (3.25–12.122) | <0.0001 | |
| Micropapillary predoninant | 30.215 (4.05–225.43) | 0.001 | 6.667 (3.309–13.474) | <0.0001 | |
| Mucinous predominant | 15.604 (1.876–129.82) | 0.011 | 3.012 (1.299–6.982) | 0.01 | |
| Differentiation | Well differentiated | 1 | 1 | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 3.775 (1.63–8.744) | 0.002 | 2.147 (1.411–3.268) | <0.0001 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 9.331 (4.028–21.616) | <0.0001 | 3.716 (2.393–5.771) | <0.0001 | |
| Visceral pleural invasion | Negative | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 2.511 (1.705–3.697) | <0.0001 | 2.106 (1.622–2.734) | <0.0001 | |
| Lymphovascular space invasion | Negative | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 2.953 (2.035–4.286) | <0.0001 | 2.418 (1.847–3.167) | <0.0001 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.