Table 3.
Univariate analyses of associations between the clinical and pathologic characteristics and tumor recurrence
| Variables | Comparison | Regional disease-free survival
|
Distant disease-free survival
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age (years) | <60 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥60 | 0.858 (0.586–1.255) | 0.43 | 0.85 (0.651–1.109) | 0.231 | |
| Sex | Female | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 1.785 (1.227–2.596) | 0.002 | 1.345 (1.038–1.744) | 0.025 | |
| Smoking status | Never smoker | 1 | 1 | ||
| Smoker | 2.044 (1.41–2.963) | <0.0001 | 1.409 (1.082–1.833) | 0.011 | |
| Location | Right upper lobe | 1 | 1 | ||
| Right middle lobe | 1.009 (0.519–1.959) | 0.98 | 1.201 (0.752–1.919) | 0.443 | |
| Right lower lobe | 0.729 (0.41–1.296) | 0.281 | 1.018 (0.688–1.506) | 0.929 | |
| Left upper lobe | 0.828 (0.511–1.343) | 0.445 | 1.075 (0.766–1.509) | 0.675 | |
| Left lower lobe | 0.75 (0.422–1.334) | 0.328 | 0.887 (0.589–1.338) | 0.568 | |
| Surgical procedure | Wedge | 1 | 1 | ||
| Lobectomy | 1.456 (0.461–4.598) | 0.522 | 1.796 (0.739–4.367) | 0.196 | |
| Bilobectomy | 2.626 (0.733–9.417) | 0.138 | 3.911 (1.486–10.292) | 0.006 | |
| Sleeve lobectomy | 9.492 (2.111–42.682) | 0.003 | 7.255 (2.09–25.187) | 0.002 | |
| Pneumonectomy | 0.959 (0.1–9.235) | 0.971 | 6.562 (2.143–20.097) | 0.001 | |
| T stage | T1a | 1 | 1 | ||
| T1b | 0.394 (0.087–1.777) | 0.225 | 1.201 (0.667–2.164) | 0.542 | |
| T2a | 4.168 (2.218–7.835) | <0.0001 | 2.594 (1.765–3.813) | <0.0001 | |
| T2b | 7.942 (3.585–17.595) | <0.0001 | 5.811 (3.458–9.763) | <0.0001 | |
| T3 | 4.38 (1.52–12.628) | 0.006 | 4.267 (2.196–8.294) | <0.0001 | |
| Pathologic N stage | N0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| N1 | 2.435 (1.352–4.384) | 0.003 | 2.126 (1.408–3.209) | <0.0001 | |
| N2 | 4.62 (3.045–7.008) | <0.0001 | 4.115 (3.094–5.473) | <0.0001 | |
| Histology | Lepidic predominant | 1 | 1 | ||
| Acinar predominant | 1.974 (0.775–5.024) | 0.154 | 2.777 (1.395–5.529) | 0.004 | |
| Papillary predominant | 1.466 (0.465–4.62) | 0.514 | 1.89 (0.834–4.279) | 0.127 | |
| Solid predominant | 4.582 (1.8–11.663) | 0.001 | 6.438 (3.222–12.864) | <0.0001 | |
| Micropapillary predominant | 5.85 (2.18–15.695) | <0.0001 | 6.191 (2.94–13.036) | <0.0001 | |
| Mucinous predominant | 2.854 (0.87–9.366) | 0.084 | 3.034 (1.255–7.335) | 0.014 | |
| Differentiation | Well differentiated | 1 | 1 | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 3.02 (1.377–6.623) | 0.006 | 2.346 (1.49–3.693) | <0.0001 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 6.766 (3.055–14.983) | <0.0001 | 3.817 (2.375–6.134) | <0.0001 | |
| VPI | Negative | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 2.341 (1.564–3.504) | <0.0001 | 2.193 (1.665–2.89) | <0.0001 | |
| LVI | Negative | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 2.146 (1.437–3.205) | <0.0001 | 2.415 (1.823–3.2) | <0.0001 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LVI, lymphovascular space invasion; VPI, visceral pleural invasion.