Table 4.
Multivariate analyses of the associations between the clinical and pathologic characteristics and survival and recurrence
| Variables | Comparison | Overall survival
|
Disease-free survival
|
Regional disease-free survival
|
Distant disease-free survival
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Sex | Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Male | 0.848 (0.444–1.621) | 0.618 | 1.12 (0.717–1.749) | 0.619 | 0.95 (0.467–1.934) | 0.888 | 1.016 (0.642–1.605) | 0.947 | |
| Smoking status | Never smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Smoker | 0.936 (0.488–1.796) | 0.843 | 1.323 (0.851–2.058) | 0.214 | 1.434 (0.71–2.897) | 0.315 | 1.151 (0.728–1.82) | 0.548 | |
| Surgical procedure | Wedge | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Lobectomy | 1.589 (0.212–11.909) | 0.652 | 1.038 (0.472–3.622) | 0.606 | 1.157 (0.27–4.955) | 0.844 | 1.129 (0.407–3.135) | 0.815 | |
| Bilobectomy | 3.258 (0.408–26.009) | 0.265 | 2.054 (0.678–6.219) | 0.203 | 1.302 (0.26–6.52) | 0.748 | 1.992 (0.654–6.067) | 0.225 | |
| Sleeve lobectomy | 7.165 (0.758–67.738) | 0.086 | 3.698 (0.988–13.838) | 0.052 | 4.275 (0.698–26.189) | 0.116 | 2.966 (0.754–11.673) | 0.12 | |
| Pneumonectomy | 6.719 (0.793–56.887) | 0.081 | 2.136 (0.62–7.364) | 0.229 | 0.276 (0.024–3.221) | 0.304 | 2.373 (0.686–8.214) | 0.172 | |
| T stage | T1a | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| T1b | 0.63 (0.209–1.899) | 0.412 | 0.804 (0.438–1.474) | 0.48 | 0.269 (0.057–1.255) | 0.095 | 0.908 (0.492–1.675) | 0.757 | |
| T2a | 1.669 (0.733–3.8) | 0.223 | 1.423 (0.828–2.446) | 0.202 | 3.102 (1.322–7.278) | 0.009 | 1.009 (0.567–1.797) | 0.975 | |
| T2b | 3.248 (1.284–8.215) | 0.013 | 2.99 (1.64–5.449) | 0 | 5.373 (2.08–13.876) | 0.001 | 1.913 (0.999–3.665) | 0.05 | |
| T3 | 2.514 (0.828–7.628) | 0.104 | 1.691 (0.787–3.635) | 0.179 | 2.295 (0.65–8.109) | 0.197 | 1.575 (0.714–3.477) | 0.261 | |
| Pathologic N stage | N0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| N1 | 1.608 (0.815–3.173) | 0.17 | 1.817 (1.178–2.801) | 0.007 | 1.76 (0.9–3.44) | 0.98 | 1.577 (0.994–2.501) | 0.053 | |
| N2 | 2.776 (1.683–4.581) | 0 | 3.001 (2.149–4.192) | 0 | 2.474 (1.5–4.081) | 0 | 2.761 (1.946–3.917) | 0 | |
| Histology | Lepidic predominant | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Acinar predominant | 2.822 (0.37–21.544) | 0.317 | 1.208 (0.603–2.42) | 0.594 | 0.583 (0.213–1.597) | 0.294 | 1.338 (0.646–2.769) | 0.433 | |
| Papillary predominant | 0.796 (0.048–13.188) | 0.874 | 0.96 (0.385–2.389) | 0.93 | 0.603 (0.152–2.392) | 0.472 | 0.827 (0.308–2.22) | 0.706 | |
| Solid predominant | 8.631 (1.117–66.662) | 0.039 | 1.848 (0.883–3.87) | 0.103 | 0.687 (0.235–2.008) | 0.493 | 2.183 (1.008–4.726) | 0.048 | |
| Micropapillary predominant | 9.741 (1.239–76.571) | 0.03 | 2.655 (1.25–5.64) | 0.011 | 1.679 (0.573–4.921) | 0.345 | 2.418 (1.092–5.356) | 0.029 | |
| Mucinous predominant | 3.911 (0.342–44.695) | 0.272 | 1.127 (0.412–3.079) | 0.816 | 1.002 (0.252–3.989) | 0.997 | 1.273 (0.438–3.702) | 0.577 | |
| Differentiation | Well differentiated | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderately differentiated | 2.104 (0.725–6.104) | 0.171 | 1.34 (0.82–2.188) | 0.243 | 2.091 (0.854–5.119) | 0.106 | 1.484 (0.88–2.502) | 0.138 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 2.375 (0.776–7.267) | 0.13 | 1.295 (0.737–2.275) | 0.369 | 3.517 (1.336–9.258) | 0.011 | 1.333 (0.735–2.418) | 0.345 | |
| VPI | Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 0.948 (0.534–1.681) | 0.854 | 1.126 (0.743–1.707) | 0.575 | 0.777 (0.443–1.364) | 0.38 | 1.482 (0.942–2.331) | 0.089 | |
| LVI | Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 1.054 (0.679–1.635) | 0.815 | 1.277 (0.94–1.734) | 0.118 | 1.206 (0.767–1.895) | 0.418 | 1.223 (0.887–1.686) | 0.22 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LVI, lymphovascular space invasion; VPI, visceral pleural invasion.