Table 1.
Overview of radioligands recently used in epilepsy
| Group | Target | Radioligand |
|---|---|---|
| GABA | GABAA receptor | [11C]flumazenil-PET |
| [18F]flumazenil-PET | ||
| Glutamate | NMDA receptor | [18F]GE-179 |
| Drug transporters | P-glycoprotein | [11C]verapamil |
| Inflammation | TSPO | [11C]PBR28 |
| [18F]PBR111 | ||
| [11C](R)-PK11195 | ||
| Serotonin, inflammation | Tryptophan metabolism | α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan |
| Serotonin | 5-HT1A receptor | [18F]MPPF |
| [11C]WAY-100635 | ||
| [18F]FCWAY | ||
| Serotonin transporter | [11C]DASB | |
| Dopamine | Presynaptic dopamine | [18F]fluoro-l-DOPA |
| D2/D3 receptor | [18F]fallypride | |
| D1 receptor | [11C]SCH23390 | |
| Dopamine transporter | [11C]PE2I | |
| Cannabinoids | CB1 receptor | [18F]MK-9470 |
| [11C]MePPEP | ||
| Opioids | μ, δ and κ opioid receptors | [11C]diprenorphine |
| μ opioid receptors | [11C]carfentanil | |
| δ opioid receptors | [11C]methylnaltrindole | |
| Acetylcholine | Nicotinic ACh receptor | [18F]fluoro-A-85380 |