Table 4.
Multivariable models of risk of death stratified by stage among neuroendocrine patients.
| Stage IB–IIA1 | Stage IIB–IVA2 | Stage IVB3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 1998 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| 1999 | 0.84 (0.36–1.98) | 0.25 (0.10–0.62)* | 1.68 (0.55–5.19) | |
| 2000 | 0.54 (0.25–1.20) | 0.23 (0.09–0.58)* | 1.85 (0.58–5.86) | |
| 2001 | 0.48 (0.20–1.14) | 0.28 (0.13–0.61)* | 0.82 (0.24–2.82) | |
| 2002 | 1.04 (0.49–2.24) | 0.37 (0.16–0.84)* | 0.81 (0.27–2.42) | |
| 2003 | 1.08 (0.56–2.08) | 0.24 (0.10–0.56)* | 1.87 (0.65–5.42) | |
| 2004 | 1.48 (0.61–3.59) | 0.27 (0.12–0.59)* | 0.81 (0.32–2.01) | |
| 2005 | 0.57 (0.26–1.24) | 0.15 (0.07–0.34)* | 0.34 (0.12–0.97)* | |
| 2006 | 0.82 (0.40–1.68) | 0.25 (0.10–0.58)* | 1.53 (0.47–5.00) | |
| Age | ||||
| <30 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| 30–39 | 0.41 (0.23–0.72)* | 1.41 (0.56–3.54) | 1.47 (0.28–7.80) | |
| 40–49 | 0.76 (0.42–1.38) | 1.47 (0.66–3.29) | 1.14 (0.25–5.12) | |
| 50–59 | 0.72 (0.39–1.34) | 1.76 (0.81–3.81) | 1.87 (0.41–8.59) | |
| 60–69 | 0.50 (0.20–1.27) | 1.85 (0.71–4.81) | 1.08 (0.20–5.75) | |
| ≥70 | 0.59 (0.22–1.60) | 1.43 (0.40–5.13) | 1.16 (0.15–8.64) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Black | 1.30 (0.65–2.60) | 0.77 (0.45–1.33) | 0.79 (0.36–1.75) | |
| Hispanic | 0.61 (0.29–1.29) | 0.33 (0.16–0.65)* | 0.43 (0.14–1.34) | |
| Other | 0.90 (0.39–2.10) | 0.42 (0.20–0.91)* | 0.91 (0.13–6.26) | |
| Unknown | 1.37 (0.16–11.50) | 0.69 (0.08–5.66) | 0.86 (0.16–4.60) | |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Commercial | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Medicare | 1.62 (0.72–3.61) | 1.72 (0.77–3.81) | 1.00 (0.41–2.44) | |
| Medicaid | 1.43 (0.74–2.78) | 1.62 (0.94–2.79) | 1.49 (0.56–3.93) | |
| Uninsured | 1.07 (0.48–2.40) | 0.93 (0.46–1.89) | 0.98 (0.39–2.43) | |
| Other | — | 1.30 (0.12–13.70) | 0.46 (0.04–4.95) | |
| Unknown | 1.12 (0.52–2.42) | 1.79 (0.62–5.16) | 0.93 (0.33–2.61) | |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Midwest | 1.69 (0.90–3.20) | 0.97 (0.49–1.89) | 1.83 (0.80–4.17) | |
| South | 1.45 (0.83–2.53) | 1.21 (0.65–2.26) | 0.65 (0.30–1.39) | |
| West | 1.06 (0.54–2.08) | 1.21 (0.62–2.36) | 0.51 (0.17–1.53) | |
| Location | ||||
| Metropolitan | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Urban | 1.02 (0.62–1.69) | 1.60 (0.93–2.76) | 0.72 (0.30–1.74) | |
| Rural | 0.36 (0.08–1.54) | 0.29 (0.04–2.42) | 1.71 (0.51–5.70) | |
| Unknown | 1.34 (0.60–2.99) | 2.02 (0.80–5.10) | 0.74 (0.09–5.79) | |
| Hospital type | ||||
| Academic | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Community cancer program | 1.66 (0.77–3.61) | 1.01 (0.47–2.17) | 0.69 (0.25–1.92) | |
| Comprehensive community cancer program | 1.38 (0.90–2.13) | 0.80 (0.54–1.18) | 1.34 (0.67–2.68) | |
| Other | 1.95 (0.21–17.91) | 0.64 (0.07–5.74) | 0.42 (0.04–4.17) | |
| Stage | ||||
| IB1 | Referent | — | — | |
| IB2 | 1.21 (0.53–2.74) | — | — | |
| IB NOS (IB, IB NOS) | 3.01 (1.69–5.37)* | — | — | |
| IIA | 15.76 (4.97–50.01)* | — | — | |
| IIB | — | Referent | — | |
| IIIA | — | 2.72 (1.22–6.07)* | — | |
| IIIB | — | 1.35 (0.90–2.01) | — | |
| IVA | — | 2.91 (1.11–7.63)* | — | |
| Treatment | ||||
| Surgery | Referent | — | — | |
| Radiation | 1.59 (0.97–2.60) | — | — | |
| No therapy | — | — | — | |
| Unknown | — | — | — | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| Yes | — | Referent | Referent | |
| No | — | 1.58 (0.81–3.08) | 3.36 (1.69–6.67)* | |
| Unknown | — | 0.39 (0.05–3.09) | 1.76 (0.40–7.67) | |
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).
1
Limited to patients who received primary treatment with either radiation or surgery (n=276)
2
Limited to patients who received radiation (n=202)
3
Patients in no treatment group (n=103)
*
Indicates P value <0.05