Table 1.
Demographics of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Registry for Atherosclerosis cohort at enrollment*
| All (n = 875) | Women (n = 786) | Men (n = 89) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD years | 39.3 ± 13.5 | 38.9 ± 13.1 | 42.9 ± 16.4 |
| Women, % | 89.8 | ||
| Ethnicity, % | |||
| White | 53.6 | 52.5 | 62.9 |
| African American | 16.7 | 16.8 | 11.2 |
| Hispanic | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.2 |
| Asian | 22.5 | 22.5 | 22.5 |
| Other | 4.6 | 5.0 | 1.1 |
| Country, % | |||
| Canada | 29.4 | 28.2 | 32.6 |
| Iceland | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| Korea | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.7 |
| Spain | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Sweden | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.4 |
| Switzerland | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
| UK | 22.5 | 23.0 | 18.0 |
| US | 26.6 | 26.5 | 28.1 |
| Married, % | 41.9 | 41.3 | 47.2 |
| Education, mean ± SD years | 14.0 ± 3.2 | 14.0 ± 3.2 | 13.2 ± 3.2 |
| Vitamin D levels | |||
| 25(OH)D, mean ± SD ng/ml | 23.8 ± 13.4 | 23.8 ± 13.6 | 23.7 ± 11.6 |
| 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml, % | 72.3 | 71.6 | 78.7 |
| 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/ml, % | 27.7 | 28.4 | 21.3 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Daily alcohol use, % (n) | 32.0 (862) | 30.3 (775) | 30.3 (87) |
| Amount, mean ± SD units | 1.17 ± 3.44 | 0.92 ± 2.23 | 3.41 ± 8.23 |
| Sedentary activity, mean ± SD hours/week | 7.02 ± 3.96 | 6.92 ± 3.94 | 7.98 ± 4.03 |
| Slight activity, mean ± SD hours/week | 5.23 ± 3.15 | 5.33 ± 3.14 | 4.34 ± 3.09 |
| Moderate activity, mean ± SD hours/week | 2.48 ± 2.91 | 2.52 ± 2.91 | 2.14 ± 2.84 |
| Heavy activity, mean ± SD hours/week | 0.49 ± 1.31 | 0.48 ± 1.3 | 0.60 ± 1.39 |
| Cardiovascular medications | |||
| Hyperlipidemia therapy, % | |||
| Current | 9.0 | 8.9 | 10.1 |
| Past | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.1 |
| Aspirin, % | 14.2 | 13.9 | 16.9 |
| Antihypertensive medications, % | |||
| Current | 10.2 | 24.4 | 39.3 |
| Past | 25.9 | 10.1 | 11.2 |
| SLE-related factors | |||
| Disease duration, mean ± SD years | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 |
| Taking corticosteroids, % | |||
| Current | 67.4 | 66.4 | 82.0 |
| Never | 24.2 | 25.0 | 14.6 |
| Current corticosteroid dose, mean ± SD mg | 23.3 ± 15.9 | 23.1 ± 16.1 | 25.0 ± 14.5 |
| Taking antimalarials, % | 66.4 | 67.0 | 60.7 |
| Taking immunosuppressants, % | |||
| Current | 37.8 | 36.1 | 52.8 |
| Never | 59.3 | 60.8 | 46.1 |
| Renal disease, % | 26.2 | 25.2 | 34.8 |
| SLEDAI-2K score, mean ± SD (n) | 5.6 ± 5.5 | 5.6 ± 5.5 (783) | 6.0 ± 5.2 (89) |
| Low complement, % (n)† | 42.1 | 42.0 (709) | 42.7 (82) |
| Positive dsDNA, % (n)‡ | 41.8 | 41.2 (701) | 46.3 (82) |
| Bone medications | |||
| Estrogen use ever, % (n) | |||
| HRT | 7.7 (779) | ||
| OCPs | 49.3 (781) | ||
| Calcium, % | 32.2 | 32.4 | 30.3 |
| Vitamin D, % | 25.3 | 25.3 | 24.7 |
| Bisphosphonates, % | 8.7 | 8.1 | 13.4 |
*
25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI-2K = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000; dsDNA = double-stranded DNA; HRT = hormone replacement therapy; OCPs = oral contraceptives.
†
Defined as a decrease in CH50, C3, or C4 below the lower limit of normal for the testing laboratory.
‡
Increased DNA binding above the normal range based on local testing laboratory parameters.