Table 5.

25(OH)D quartiles and continuous CV risk factors at enrollment^*

	Unadjusted model		Adjusted model 1†		Adjusted model 2‡
CV risk factor	β §	95% CI	β §	95% CI	β §	95% CI
CRP
Q2	−0.12	−0.48, 0.24	−0.11	−0.47, 0.25	−0.10	−0.47, 0.26
Q3	−0.30	−0.66, 0.06	−0.30	−0.68, 0.08	−0.30	−0.69, 0.08
Q4	−0.38¶	−0.76, −0.01¶	−0.44¶	−0.84, −0.04¶	−0.44¶	−0.85, −0.03¶
Homocysteine
Q2	0.10	−0.04, 0.25	0.077	−0.07, 0.23	0.08	−0.08, 0.23
Q3	−0.02	−0.16, 0.13	−0.04	−0.20, 0.12	−0.03	−0.20, 0.13
Q4	−0.01	−0.16, 0.14	−0.04	−0.21, 0.12	−0.03	−0.21, 0.14
Creatinine
Q2	0.14	−0.09, 0.38	0.12	−0.12, 0.36	0.13	−0.11, 0.37
Q3	0.13	−0.10, 0.36	0.09	−0.15, 0.32	0.10	−0.15, 0.34
Q4	0.06	−0.16, 0.28	0.02	−0.22, 0.25	0.03	−0.21, 0.27
SLEDAI-2K
Q2	−1.22¶	−2.24, −0.20¶	−1.44¶	−2.43, −0.46¶	−1.38¶	−2.37, −0.38¶
Q3	−1.88¶	−2.90, −0.86¶	−2.15¶	−3.17, −1.12¶	−2.16¶	−3.19, −1.12¶
Q4	−2.27¶	−3.30, −1.25¶	−2.22¶	−3.26, −1.18¶	−2.37¶	−3.25, −1.31¶

^*25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CV = cardiovascular; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; Q = 25(OH)D quartile; SLEDAI-2K = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000.

^†Adjusted model 1: controlled for age, sex, season, white race, and country (Korea, UK, US, or other).

^‡Adjusted model 2: controlled for same as model 1 plus body mass index. When looking at women and men, model controlled for only age, season, white race, and country.

^§Represents the mean difference in risk factor between Q1 and Q2, Q3, and Q4.

^¶Statistically significant.