Table 2.

Variance, standard deviation (SD), and variance-covariance structure of the random effects together with beta coefficients, standard errors (SE), t-values, and variance inflation factor (VIF) for the fixed effects in the final linear mixed effect model on naming latencies.

Random effects		Variance	SD	Correlations
Item	Intercept	1.48	1.28
	Bilinguals in L1	0.22	0.47	-0.297
	Bilinguals in L2	0.36	0.60	-0.359	0.863
Participant	Intercept	1.93	1.39
	Freqmax	0.12	0.34	-0.439
	TrSimmax	0.26	0.51	-0.506	0.175
Fixed effects		raw β	SE β	t-value	VIF
	Intercept	-16.13	1.21	-13.33
	Session	-0.10	0.02	-62.18	1.0
	Trial order	<0.01	<0.01	23.43	1.0
	Bilinguals in L1	0.30	0.33	0.93	1.7
	Bilinguals in L2	0.29	0.33	0.87	1.7
	BPSpeed	0.01	<0.01	3.37	1.0
	Nagr	-0.06	<0.01	-17.67	1.5
	AoA	0.38	0.05	7.90	1.8
	PhND	0.02	<0.01	2.15	1.1
	Freqmax	0.25	0.11	2.16	1.3
	TrSimmax	-0.02	0.30	-0.08	1.3
	Bilinguals in L1 × Nagr	0.01	<0.01	5.79	2.3
	Bilinguals in L2 × Nagr	-0.02	<0.01	7.58	2.4
	Bilinguals in L1 × AoA	-0.13	0.02	-5.22	2.4
	Bilinguals in L2 × AoA	-0.12	0.03	-4.24	2.3
	Bilinguals in L1 × TrSimmax	1.23	0.20	6.23	2.1
	Bilinguals in L2 × TrSimmax	1.68	0.22	7.78	2.1

Note: SE = standard error; Freq_max = lexical frequency referenced at highest frequency; TrSim_max = phonological similarity across translations referenced at highest similarity; BPSpeed = button-press speed; Nagr = correct target name agreement; AoA = age of acquisition; PhND = phonological neighborhood density.