Strain name, aliases, and year of isolation are shown. Blue, red, and grey markers indicate specific, approximate, and dubious origins respectively, gleaned from the literature (see Supplementary Materials for references). The reported Sulawesi (Celebes) origin for the Smithsonian strain is dubious because the island lies outside of the range of the host monkey species Macaca speciosa. Asterisk (*) indicates that the site was the shipping point of the host monkey, but the location of capture of the monkey is unknown. A star shows the location of Kapit Town in Malaysian Borneo, where P. cynomolgi field isolates genotyped in this paper were collected.